Module 1: Lifespan Development

Question 1

Continuous Development

Answer 1

The idea that development is like a straight line upwards; gradually improving

Question 2

Discontinuous Development

Answer 2

The idea that development is like a flight of stairs upwards; in unique stages at specific times and ages

Question 3

Nature

Answer 3

Influences of biology and genetics on behavior

Question 4

Nurture

Answer 4

Environmental, social, and cultural influences on behavior

Question 5

Prenatal Development

Answer 5

Three stages within: germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods; nature and nurture play a role in the development of the baby

Question 6

Cohort

Answer 6

A group of people who were born in the same period in a particular society; shared histories and contexts of living

Question 7

Lifespan Perspective

Answer 7

The study of development that focuses development being lifelong, multi-dimensional, multidirectional, plastic, contextual, and multidisciplinary

Question 8

Normative Influences

Answer 8

Unpredictable events that happen within a persons life

ex: getting divorced, loss of a child, specific job, etc.

Question 9

Normative Age-Graded Influences

Answer 9

Biological and environmental correlation with age

ex: puberty, starting school, getting your license, etc.

Question 10

Normative History-Graded Influences

Answer 10

Specific time period in which identity is developed from historical events

ex: COVID 19, great depression

Question 11

Multidimensional

Answer 11

The development of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes

Question 12

Multidirectional

Answer 12

Not linear; development can decrease and increase over a life; gains and losses

Question 13

Plastic

Answer 13

Ones development can change/ mold differently

Question 14

Contextual

Answer 14

Biological and environmental influences work together to influence development

Question 15

Multidisciplinary

Answer 15

Everyone is living a different life; different POVS

Question 16

Correctional Research

Answer 16

Looking if there is a relationship between two variables

Question 17

Descriptive Studies

Answer 17

Research focused on one variable

Question 18

Evaluation Research

Answer 18

Research assessing effectiveness of policies or programs

Question 19

Experimental Research

Answer 19

Examine casual links between variables; independent and dependent/ cause and effect

Question 20

Explanatory Studies

Answer 20

Research that tries to answer the question “why”

Question 21

Selective Sampling

Answer 21

When researchers don’t have a pool of volunteers to pick from

Question 22

Quasi-Experimental Research

Answer 22

Manipulation of independent variable without the random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of conditions

Question 23

Observational Studies

Answer 23

Watching/observing the actions of participants

Question 24

Cross-Sectional

Answer 24

Comparison of people varying specific variable(age, cohort, etc.) at a single point of time; cannot examine over time and limited to one time in history

Question 25

Longitudinal Research

Answer 25

Single cohort that is followed over time; expensive, takes a long time, and limited to one cohort

Question 26

Case Studies

Answer 26

Exploring a single case/situation in great detail

Question 27

Surveys

Answer 27

Asking a standard set of questions to a group of subjects and collecting that data

Question 28

Content Analysis

Answer 28

Involves looking at media or other materials to explore patterns or themes in culture

Question 29

Validity

Answer 29

When something yields accurate results

Question 30

Reliability

Answer 30

When something yields consistent results

Question 31

Double-blind

Answer 31

When neither participant or researcher know which group participant is assigned to

Question 32

Sequential Research Designs

Answer 32

Combines cross sectional and longitudinal designs; new cohorts are added whenever to see the effects of cohorts; may be expensive and may take a long time

Question 33

Attrition

Answer 33

Reduction of number of research participants as some drop out over time