Module 1: Lesson 6 Flashcards
After fusing with the plasma membrane, will the carboxyl-terminus (C) of the protein be extracellular or intracellular?
Intracellular (inside the cell)
How do polypeptide chains typically cross the bilayer?
As alpha helices
How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form?
4 hydrogen bonds
What is the role of integral (transmembrane) proteins?
To allow passage through a membrane. It can be a single pass or multipass.
What are peripheral membrane proteins?
Proteins loosely attached to the membrane or other proteins
What is the principal force driving movement in diffusion?
Concentration gradient
What are the qualities of a hypertonic cell?
Solute is higher outside the cell, while water is higher inside the cell. Water will move out, and the cell will shrink.
What are the qualities of a isotonic cell?
There are equal proportions of solute and water inside and outside of the cell. There will be no net movement, and the cell will have a normal shape.
What are the qualities of a hypotonic cell?
Solute is higher inside the cell, while water is higher outside the cell. Water will move into the cell, and the cell will swell.
What are voltage-gated channels?
Channels that open or close based on membrane potential. They maintain membrane potential and respond to changes in potential for cell signaling.
What are mechanically-gated channels?
Channels that open or close in response to mechanical forces on the cell (eg. sense of touch, sense of hearing).
What are ligand-gated channels?
Channels that open or close based on binding a chemical (eg. cell signaling, sense of smell, taste; how neurons communicate).
What is a method used to study ion channels?
Patch clamping
What kind of cell membrane transport does not need a protein?
Simple diffusion
What are the types of protein-mediated transport?
Passive transport and active transport
What are different types of pumps used for active transport?
Gradient-driven pumps, ATP-driven pumps, and light-driven pumps
What is a uniport transporter?
A transporter that can only allow one molecule through passive transport down a concentration gradient.
What is a symport transporter?
A transporter that allows two different molecules to pass through in the same direction simultaneously.
What is an antiport transporter?
A transporter that allows two molecules to pass through in opposite directions simultaneously.
Is it necessary for all membranes that are part of a cell to have pumps?
No
What does FRAP stand for?
Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
