Module 1- Lecture 3 Flashcards
How can we align multiple sequences?
Look at how a nucleotide identity at one site changes over time
How do we calculate change in frequency from a plot?
Change in freq = later freq - initial freq
How many different amino acids does the standard genetic code encode?
20
Do nucleotide changes affect protein structure
YES
When virus evolves to change its antigenic properties, the proteins structure changes too
What are Synonymous mutations
Mutations that do not change the amino acid
What are Non-synonymous mutations
Mutations that change the amino acid
Haplotype Frequency
The frequency at which a particular combination of alleles occurs together on the same chromosome
Are evolution at different sites independent?
They are not independent
How can we check how genetically variable are different sites?
We can check heterozygosity at each site
Heterozygosity
A measure of genetic diversity
-A high level of heterozygosity indicates that there is a wide range of genetic variation within the population, while a low level of heterozygosity indicates that the population is more genetically homogeneous.
What does the variable K mean?
The number of possible alleles
What does the variable X mean?
Allele Frequency
What does Xk mean?
The frequency of kth allele
Can Xk be negative?
NO
Can Xk exceed 1?
NO
