Module 1 Lecture 3

Question 1

How many plant medicines in the US pharmacopea in 2010

Answer 1

38

Question 2

___% of prescriptions are for drugs based on plants

Answer 2

25%

Question 3

How many prescription drugs use compounds directly from plants

Answer 3

121

Question 4

__ plant medicines discovered by ethnobotanical studies

Answer 4

89

Question 5

Digitalis

Answer 5

Drug derived from foxglove

Question 6

Dropsy

Answer 6

Accumulation of fluid in tissues due to insufficient blood flow through the kidney which is sometimes due to heart insufficiency (congestive heart failure)

Question 7

Who discovered digitalis

Answer 7

William Withering

Question 8

Effects of digitalis

Answer 8

Slows heart rate, increases strength of contraction

Question 9

What is aspirin derived from

Answer 9

Spiraea ulmaria (queen of the meadow)

Question 10

Active ingredient of aspirin

Answer 10

Salycilic acid

Question 11

Uses of aspirin

Answer 11

Antiseptic and analgesic

Question 12

What is aspirin chemically similar to

Answer 12

Methyl salicylate

Question 13

How were side effects of aspirin

Answer 13

Acetyl group attached

Question 14

Chemical name of aspirin

Answer 14

Acetylsalicylic acid

Question 15

What is aspirin synthetically produced from now

Answer 15

Coal tar

Question 16

Action of aspirin

Answer 16

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and reduces blood clotting

Question 17

Tubocurarine

Answer 17

Arrow poison (curare)

Question 18

Effects of curare

Answer 18

Asphyxiation, blocks ACh effects (cannot move muscles)

Question 19

Active ingredient of tubocurarine

Answer 19

d-tubocurarine

Question 20

How is tubocurarine used in surgery

Answer 20

Muscle relaxant

Question 21

What does reserptine come from

Answer 21

Rauwolfia serpentina (Indian snakeroot)

Question 22

What type of drug is reserptine

Answer 22

Alkaloid

Question 23

What is reserptine used to treat

Answer 23

Hypertension and medical diseases, and snake bites, lunacy

Question 24

What does reserptine treat today in modern medicine

Answer 24

Schizophrenia

Question 25

What are podophyllin and peltatins from

Answer 25

May apple

Question 26

What did the native americans use podophyllin and peltatins roots for

Answer 26

Purgative, skin infection treatment, pesticide, ointment to destroy warts, chemotherapy

Question 27

podophyllin and peltatins have alkaloids that inhibit

Answer 27

Cell division

Question 28

Another name for ephedra

Answer 28

ma huang

Question 29

Type of plant of ephedra

Answer 29

Gymnosperm

Question 30

What is ephedra used to treat

Answer 30

Asthma

Question 31

Active ingredient of ephedra

Answer 31

ephedrine

Question 32

What is ephedrine chemically similar to

Answer 32

Norepinephrine

Question 33

Mode of action of ephedrine

Answer 33

Affects sympathetic nervous system and CNS

Question 34

Why cant ephedrine be used widespread

Answer 34

Effect on blood pressure

Question 35

What bark was used as a successful treatment for malaria

Answer 35

Jesuit's bark

Question 36

Active ingredient in Jesuit's bark

Answer 36

Quinine

Question 37

Synthetic quinine

Answer 37

Chloroquine, atabrine

Question 38

Main routes of finding plants with physiologically active compounds

Answer 38

Ethnobotanical approach and random approach

Question 39

Phylgogentic targeting

Answer 39

Plants from families known to frequently have activity

Question 40

Silphion

Answer 40

Used as birth control (abortion or no implantation)

Question 41

Medicinal use of parsley

Answer 41

Contain hormones similar to natural steroid progesterone (ovulation)

Question 42

Wild yams have a high concentration of ____

Answer 42

The steroid diosgenin

Question 43

Diosgenin can be converted into ____

Answer 43

Progesterone

Question 44

What can progesterone be converted into

Answer 44

Norethindrone

Question 45

What percent of birth control are yams in

Answer 45

50%

Question 46

What is used to convert diosgenin

Answer 46

Metal salts and miccrobes

Question 47

Diosgenin is the starting point for synthesis of ____

Answer 47

Cortisone

Question 48

Ecologically targeted approach

Answer 48

Plants from habitats where herbivores common, or those not attacked

Question 49

Most effective approach

Answer 49

Ethnobotanical

Question 50

Oldenlandia affinis

Answer 50

Used to speed childbirth

Question 51

Another name for Oldenlandia affinis

Answer 51

Rubiaceae

Question 52

What NT does Rubiaceae contain

Answer 52

Serotonin

Question 53

Hormone that induces labor in Rubiaceae

Answer 53

Oxytocin

Question 54

Phase I trial

Answer 54

Safety, how drug absorbed, metabolized and excreted in humans. Small number of volunteers

Question 55

Phase II trial

Answer 55

Tested in patients with disease to evaluate effectiveness. Can be used to determine correct dosage. Several 100 patients

Question 56

Phase III trial

Answer 56

Several 100 to 1000 patients with disease, lasts several years, more thorough understanding of effectiveness, benefits/risks, range/severity of side effects

Question 57

Topotecan

Answer 57

Chemotherapy

Question 58

German division that approves plant drugs

Answer 58

Germany's Commission E

Question 59

GRAS

Answer 59

Generally recognized as safe

Question 60

Top selling prescription plant drugs

Answer 60

Ginko and echinacea

Question 61

Herbal medicines mostly sold as _____

Answer 61

Dietary supplements

Question 62

Effect of garlic

Answer 62

Antimicrobial