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Medicinal Plants > Module 1 Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Module 1 Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes plants to have medicinal effects

A

Molecular level interactions between checmicals in plants and chemicals in our body

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2
Q

What is critical for plants to have a medicinal effect

A

Shape of molecules and functional groups

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3
Q

Ethnobotany

A

Study of human-plant interactions

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4
Q

What types of societies does ethnobotany focus on

A

Primative, non-western, indigeneous, traditional

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5
Q

Types of plants

A

Vascular, bryophyte, fungi, algae

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6
Q

What type of plant dominates the terrestrial biomass

A

Vascular

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7
Q

What percentage of plants are vascular

A

98%

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8
Q

Important properties of plants

A

Sessile, compete for light, support tissues

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9
Q

How do plants defend against herbivores

A

Chemicals

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10
Q

Photosynthesis produces excess amounts of ___

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

What is ethnobotany rooted in

A

Greek and roman writers

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12
Q

Writing on ethnobotany

A

De Materia Medica by Pedanius Dioscorides

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13
Q

Development of ethnobotany

A

Explorers looking for spices

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14
Q

Who named ethnobotany

A

John Harshberger

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15
Q

Are plants autotrophic

A

Yes

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16
Q

Aquatic plant

A

Green algae

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17
Q

Green algae use by humans

A

Biofuel

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18
Q

Most significant group of plants

A

Angiosperms (flowering plants)

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19
Q

Parts of a vascular plant

A

Internal transport system, cuticle, stomates, larger size

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20
Q

Spore producing plants with few uses

A

Pteridophytes

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21
Q

Plants with no flowers or fruit

A

Coniferms and other gymnosperms

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22
Q

Where do vascular plants store food

A

Stem, roots

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23
Q

Part of plant that conserves water

A

Leaves

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24
Q

Related genera are grouped into ____

A

Families

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25
Q

Classes of plants

A

Monocot and dicot

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26
Q

Modern herbal medicines are used by ___% of the world’s population

A

80-90%

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27
Q

What is the basis of modern drugs

A

Herbal medicines

28
Q

Why some plants have medicinal properties

A
  • Secondary compounds
  • Complex phenolics
  • Astringent effect
29
Q

Secondary compounds

A

Not essential to plant metabolism, affect animal physiology

30
Q

Example of secondary compounds

A

Tannins

31
Q

Chemical structure of plant compounds

A

Hydrocarbon rings

32
Q

Compounds similar to animal compounds are normally stored in ___ form

A

Glycoside

33
Q

Saponins attack ____

A

Cell membranes

34
Q

Effect of cardiac glycosides

A

Change heart rate through ANS

35
Q

Example of cardiac glycosides

A

Alkaloids

36
Q

Type of receptor

A

Lock and key

37
Q

First neurotransmitter

A

ACh

38
Q

Induced fit theory

A

Enzymes change their shape to accommodate the chemicals

39
Q

Zoopharmacognosy

A

Animal observations

40
Q

Who analyzed native american drug plants

A

Moerman

41
Q

Families of drug plants most commonly used

A

Physiologically active compounds

42
Q

What is the theory of disease and cure based on

A

Humoral theory of Hippocrates

43
Q

How does diease arise according to humoral theory

A

Imbalance of humors often caused by external forces

44
Q

How are imbalances treated

A

With activities or drugs that oppose imbalance

45
Q

Body fluids of humoral theory

A

Blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm

46
Q

Doctrine of signatures

A

Plant medicine best for part of body to which it is similar in some physical way

47
Q

What guides traditional chinese medicine

A

Religious and philosophical ideas

48
Q

Traditional chinese medicine relates ____ to ____

A

Macrocosom (universe) to Microcosom (body)

49
Q

Type of medicine of traditional chinese medicine

A

Allopathic medicine

50
Q

Allopathic medicine

A

Treatments attempt to counter imbalances

51
Q

Person who contributed to traditional chinese medicine

A

Emperor Shang Nong

52
Q

Traditional chinese medicine has very little basis on _____

A

Anatomical and experimental knowledge

53
Q

Religion and philosophical chinese leaders

A

Confuscious and Lao Zi

54
Q

Qi

A

Existence of human life is dependent on energy

55
Q

Types of human qi

A

Nourishing and protective

56
Q

Nourishing qi

A

Carrying blood to internal organs

57
Q

Protective qi

A

Found on body surface blocking external evil qi

58
Q

Organs with yin

A

Internal, lower, front of body

59
Q

Organs with yang

A

External, upper, back

60
Q

____ organs are yin and ___ organs are yang

A

Solid and hollow

61
Q

Theory of five elements

A

Organs paired, one per element

62
Q

Five elements

A

Metal, earth, wood, fire, water

63
Q

Treatments for qi

A

Acupuncture, massage, moxibustion, suction cups, qi gong, drugs, no surgery

64
Q

How are medicines chosen in traditional chinese medicine

A

Qualities of the plant in relation to yin/yang

65
Q

How many drugs used at a time in traditional chinese medicine

A

Usually many

66
Q

Popular traditional chinese medicine drug

A

Ginseng

Medicinal Plants (3 decks)

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