Module 1: Lecture 2 - Molecular Building of The Cells

Question 1

What is the highest number of bonds carbon can form?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What does the term amphipathic mean?

Answer 2

A molecule that is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

Question 3

What is an example of complex molecule that is not a protein?

Answer 3

Cholesterol

Question 4

List 2 reasons as to why water is a strong solvent.

Answer 4

1. Water has polar properties enhancing the molecules to become strong and facilitate different functions.
2. Water acts as a heat sink for many reactions within cells, and between states (liquid to air) therefore allowing thermoregulation.

Question 5

What are lipids primarily made from>

Answer 5

Hydrocarbon chains and that are hydrophobic. They are the building blocks for oils and fats.

Question 6

What is the function of cholesterol?

Answer 6

Regulates cell membrane fluidity, a biological precursor for specific compounds.

Question 7

Describe a phospholipid.

Answer 7

Amphipathic lipids constitute the building blocks of cell membranes. Consist of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, enabling them to create the phospholipid bilayer found in cells.

Question 8

What does triglycerides do for mammals?

Answer 8

Main component to store body fat and energy storage.

Question 9

State and list the amount of classifications a carbohydrate has.

Answer 9

1. Monosaccharide - single carbohydrate with only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
2. Disaccharide - 2 monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond.
3. Oligosaccharide - 3 to 10 monosaccharides linked.
4. Polysaccharides - complex sugar molecules bonded.

Question 10

What is the importance of a R-group.

Answer 10

The r-group is a side chain that will determine the proteins structure and function.

Question 10

What is a aliphatic R-group?

Answer 10

Consists of branches, straightened, or non-aromatic side branches.

Question 11

Name the amino acids that are classified as aliphatic.

Answer 11

Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, and proline.

Question 11

What is a aromatic R-group?

Answer 11

Consists of an aromatic ring that has double bonds.

Question 12

Name the amino acids that are classified as aromatic.

Answer 12

phenylalanine and tryptophan

Question 13

What is a charged hydrophilic amino acid?

Answer 13

Carries a positive or negative charge, allowing interaction with water.

Question 14

Name the positively charged hydrophilic amino acids.

Answer 14

lysine, arginine, and histidine.

Question 15

Name the negatively charged hydrophilic amino acids.

Answer 15

Aspartic acid, and glutamic acid.

Question 16

What is a polar amino acid?

Answer 16

The polar hydrophilic side chains can form hydrogen bonds that stabilize proteins. Located on the outside.

Question 17

Name the polar amino acids.

Answer 17

Serine, threonine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, and cysteine.

Question 18

What is an aromatic amino acid?

Answer 18

Large amino acids with a ring structure, consequently gained or lost can cause deformities in the structure of a protein.

Question 19

Name the non-polar and hydrophobic amino acids.

Answer 19

Phenylalanine and tryptophan.

Question 20

Name the polar and hydrophilic amino acids.

Answer 20

Tyrosine

Question 21

How do peptides and proteins become interconnected?

Answer 21

Proteins consist of long chains made from 20 or more amino acids. The structures fold and a polypeptide is formed (3D), which will facilitate a protein function.