Module 1: Human Movement Across the Lifespan Flashcards
Name the stages of human movement.
- Before birth
- Early years (newborns and infants)
- Childhood
- Adolescence
- Adulthood
- Older adulthood
What are the characteristics of fetus movements?
- Reciprocal kicking patterns by week 16.
- A repertoire of fidgety movements
What is the name given to fetus movement?
Fidgety movements.
What influences fetus movements?
The environment (amniotic fluid and reduced gravity).
For what reasons do newborn’s move?
- Driven by the necessity to feed and interact.
- Reflexive movement patterns for survival and development.
What influences newborn’s movements?
Intrinsic factors (maturity of the system, fine motor skills) and extrinsic factors (space, type of environment, interactions).
What does gaining control of the head allow the baby to do?
Engage in further motor development and interaction with the environment.
What does the ability to sit upright allow the baby to do?
Gain further control of the head and trunk and use hands for fine motor activities.
Name the transitional movements a “child” can perform.
Rolling, sitting, and crawling, pulling to stand, walking.
What is needed for a baby to be able to crawl, in terms of muscle strength?
Strength development of upper limbs, lower limbs, and core.
What does the baby need to maintain upright posture unsupported?
Increased muscle strength, balance, coordination, and control.
What systems are being integrated when a child is learning to walk?
- Musculoskeletal system: Muscle strength and coordination
- Nervous system: Motor control
- Sensory system: Balance and spatial awareness
Describe the child’s posture when learning to walk initially.
Feet wide apart, leaning on people or furniture to maintain balance.
Describe how a child’s gait change as they get older.
Initially unstable with small steps and poor balance, becoming smoother with characteristics of an adult gait as strength and balance develop.
What is the role of “play” in the development of motor control in children?
GEMD: growth, exploration, movement, development.
What are some of the intrinsic factors that influence human movement in adolescence? Give one example of this influence.
Posture and body growth changes during fast growth phases; body type and composition; hormonal changes. Example: A teenager may develop poor posture due to rapid growth, which can affect their movement.
What are some of the extrinsic factors that influence human movement in adolescence? Give one example of this influence.
Social pressures; environmental influences; choice of activities. Example: The type of activities chosen for play may be influenced by peer pressure, leading adolescents to participate in specific sports.
What are some of the intrinsic factors that influence human movement in adulthood? Give one example of this influence.
Age-related physical changes; hormonal shifts; health conditions; body shape and composition; motivation; psychological factors. Example: Hormonal changes during aging can affect muscle development and motivation to move.
What are some of the extrinsic factors that influence human movement in adulthood? Give one example of this influence.
Work environment; social influences; environmental conditions; access to resources; economic factors. Example: A sedentary job may lead to decreased movement and physical activity throughout the day.
What happens to the posture and walking pattern of a woman during pregnancy?
Hormonal and body shape changes during pregnancy can impact ligaments, joints, posture, balance, and walking, leading to adjustments in posture and gait.
What are some of the intrinsic factors that influence human movement in older adulthood? Give one example of this influence.
Cellular aging; muscle and bone changes; joint stiffness; postural changes. and joints. Example: Changes in muscle strength due to aging can result in decreased mobility.
What are some of the extrinsic factors that influence human movement in older adulthood? Give one example of this influence.
Environmental hazards; assistive devices; social and community support; healthcare access; public infrastructure. Example: The presence of obstacles in the environment can increase the risk of falls.
Describe a change in posture from an adolescent to an older adult.
An adolescent may have a more upright and aligned posture, while an older adult may exhibit a stooped posture due to muscle and bone changes.
Describe 2 changes in walking that happens as we age into older adulthood.
- Walking patterns may become slower and less stable, leading to smaller steps and a greater risk of falls.
- Balance may decrease, causing older adults to rely more on support (like walking aids) and to adopt a wider stance for stability.
