Module 1: Human Movement Across the Lifespan Flashcards
• Understand the importance of studying human movement • Describe and compare changes in human movement across the life span
Name the stages of human movement.
- Before birth
- Early years (newborns and infants)
- Childhood
- Adolescence
- Adulthood
- Older adulthood
What are the characteristics of fetus movements?
- Reciprocal kicking patterns by week 16.
- A repertoire of fidgety movements
What is the term used to describe fetal movements?
Fidgety movements.
What factors influence fetal movements?
The environment (amniotic fluid and reduced gravity).
What are the characteristics of newborn movements?
Driven by the necessity to feed and interact.
Reflexive movement patterns for survival and development.
What influences newborn’s movements?
Intrinsic: Maturity of the nervous system, fine motor skills
Extrinsic: Space, environment type, and interactions
How does gaining head control benefit a baby?
It allows further motor development and enhances interaction with the environment
How does sitting upright benefit a baby?
Enables head and trunk control, allowing hands to be used for fine motor activities
Name the transitional movements a baby can perform.
Rolling, sitting, and crawling, pulling to stand, walking.
What muscle strength is needed for a baby to crawl?
Strength in upper limbs, lower limbs, and core
What is required for a baby to maintain an unsupported upright posture?
Increased muscle strength, balance, coordination, and motor control
What systems are integrated when a child is learning to walk?
Musculoskeletal system: Muscle strength and coordination
Nervous system: Motor control
Sensory system: Balance and spatial awareness
Describe a child’s posture when learning to walk.
Feet wide apart, relying on people or furniture for balance
How does a child’s gait change as they grow older?
Starts as unstable with small steps and poor balance, progressing to a smoother, more stable adult-like gait
What is the role of play in motor development for children?
Promotes physical, social, and cognitive growth, serving as motivation for development
What intrinsic factors influence movement in adolescence? Example?
Posture, body growth, body composition, hormonal changes.
Example: Rapid growth can lead to poor posture, affecting movement
What extrinsic factors influence movement in adolescence? Example?
Social pressures, environment, choice of activities.
Example: Peer pressure may lead to participation in specific sports
What intrinsic factors influence movement in adulthood? Example?
Age-related physical changes, hormonal shifts, health, motivation.
Example: Hormonal changes may reduce muscle development
What extrinsic factors influence movement in adulthood? Example?
Work environment, social influences, access to resources.
Example: A sedentary job can reduce daily physical activity
How does pregnancy affect posture and walking?
Hormonal and body shape changes impact ligaments, joints, posture, balance, and walking, leading to adjustments in gait
What intrinsic factors influence movement in older adulthood? Example?
Cellular aging, muscle and bone changes, joint stiffness.
Example: Muscle strength declines, reducing mobility
What extrinsic factors influence movement in older adulthood? Example?
Environmental hazards, assistive devices, healthcare access.
Example: Obstacles increase fall risk
How does posture change from adolescence to older adulthood?
Adolescents have upright posture; older adults may develop stooped posture due to muscle and bone changes
What are two changes in walking as we age?
Walking becomes slower and less stable, with smaller steps
Balance decreases, leading to a wider stance for stability
