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dlkfjldfjlsdkfjsldkjfls > Module 1 Exam Questions > Flashcards

Module 1 Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 provisions of creation?

A

 Earth’s energy exchange with sun and space
 Soil build up
 Cycling and recycling the biosphere
 Water purification and detoxification
 Fruitfulness and abundant life
 Global circulations of water and air
 Human ability to learn from creation

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2
Q

What is the first Provision of creation?

A

Earth’s energy exchange with sun and space

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3
Q

What is the Second Provision of creation?

A

Soil Build Up

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4
Q

What is the third Provision of creation?

A

Cycling and recycling in the biosphere

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5
Q

What is the fourth Provision of creation?

A

Water purification and detoxification

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6
Q

What is the fifth Provision of creation?

A

Fruitfulness and Abundant life

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7
Q

What is the sixth Provision of creation?

A

Global circulations of water and air

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8
Q

What is the seventh Provision of creation?

A

human ability to learn from creation

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9
Q

What are the 7 Degradations of Creation

A

 Alternation of earth’s energy exchange
 Soil and land degradation
 Consumption waste and Ecosystem dysfunction
 Land conversion and habitat destruction
 Species extinction
 Global toxification’
 Human and cultural abuse

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10
Q

What is the first degradation of earth?

A

Alteration of earth’s energy exchange

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11
Q

What is the second degradation of earth?

A

Soil and land degradation

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12
Q

What is the third degradation of earth?

A

Consumption waste and ecosystem dysfunction

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13
Q

What is the fourth degradation of earth?

A

land conversion and habitat destruction

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14
Q

What is the fifth degradation of earth?

A

Species extinction

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15
Q

What is the sixth degradation of earth?

A

global toxification

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16
Q

What is the 7th degradation of earth

A

Human and cultural abuse

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17
Q

What does “Avad” mean and how does it compare to “Shamar”?

A

In Genesis the call of “avad” is to serve creation. Combined the two words are a command to serve and proactively protect creation

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18
Q

What does “Shamar” mean and how does it compare to “Avad”?

A

“Shamar” in Genesis means to proactively protect creation. Combined the two words are a command to serve and proactively protect creation

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19
Q

What does “Neos” mean and how does it contrast with “kainos”?

A

“Neos” means to be brand new/new in age. It is not the word used in creation to describe the earth.

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20
Q

What does “Kainos” mean and how does it contrast with “Neos”?

A

“kainos” something that is new in form substance or quality or refreshed. It is used exclusively in Revelations, indicating that the world will not be replaced, only rejuvenated.

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21
Q

What did Rachel Carson write about?

A

Among other things, she wrote about DDT a pesticide that doesn’t break down in animals systems and the dangers it caused. She argued that its uncontrolled use could lead to the death of even humans

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22
Q

What did Rachel Carson study?

A

An American biologist, Rachel Carson studied Environmental science, the sea, and environmental pollution.

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23
Q

What was the result of Rachel Carson’s writing?

A

Despite the opposition from the chemical and agricultural industries, the President’s Science Advisory Committee supported the idea. DDT was banned in the US in 1972.

24
Q

What does Rachel Carson’s example demonstrate?

A

Environmental issues are complex with many disciplines involved in them. Science is a necessary component in environmental decision making, we need to take care of the earth around us, and nothing is new.

25
Q

What is the sustainable bottom line?

A

If a decision is Environmentally Sustainable, Economically Feasible, and Socially Desirable than it meets the sustainable bottom line.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of the Troposphere?

A

The troposphere is the lower level of the atmosphere we are affected by. It is 0-15 km high and the temperature decreases with elevation. The majority of our biochemical cycles (nitrogen, carbon, water) take place here. It is the site and location of weather and the air mixes regularly

27
Q

What are the characteristics to the Stratosphere?

A

It is above the troposphere and stretches from 15-50 Km. The temperature increases as elevation increases. The ozone layer is located here. There is little mixing and no precipitation.

28
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate?

A

Weather is the day to day variations in temperature, air pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation. It is variable, short term, and local.

Climate is long-term regional weather patterns that are controlled by the Sun’s radiation, earth’s tilt, atmospheric chemistry, and ocean movement patterns. It is the decades long process of tracking weather

29
Q

What is the Greenhouse effect?

A

It is a needed process on earth as it keeps the earth at a viable temperature. Radiation from the sun goes to the earth, and is trapped by green house gases. reflection

30
Q

What causes the greenhouse effect?

A

the natural gases in the air reflect the infrared radiation back towards earth instead of letting it escape.

31
Q

What are some examples of greenhouse gases?

A

Water vapor
Carbon Dioxide CO2
Methane CH4
Nitrous Oxide N2O
Ozone O3
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6

32
Q

What would happen if the greenhouse effect totally went away?

A

We would freeze – we need it for constant energy balance

33
Q

How is the climate changing?

A

the climate is changing dramatically and getting warmer.

34
Q

What is the evidence for Climate Change?

A

We can use proxies to see that it is getting much warmer that 100s of years ago, and we have more warmer years. Ice is melting faster, the weather cycle is changing, IPCC plenty of evidence since 1950

35
Q

How is the evidence for climate change gathered (scientific methods)?

A

 Samples of carbon in air
 Infrared cameras pictures of methane
 Ice core sampling
 Satellite imaging/measurements
 Tree rings
 Coral and silt in lakes
(while modeling can be used to predict what will happen, it cannot be used as evidence)

36
Q

What are positive forcing factors?

A

Positive forcing factors are things that cause the temperature to increase.
Examples include:
* Greenhouse gases
* Black carbon- covers albedo- absorbs more
heat
* Ozone
* Water vapor

37
Q

What are negative forcing factors?

A

Negative forcing factors are things that cause the temperature of the atmosphere to decrease. Many of these are things that cause albedo
Examples include:
* Snow cover/ice
* The presence of trees - natural
* Aerosols
* Stratospheric ozone
* Volcanos - natural
- Clouds
- Solar variability

38
Q

What does the IPCC recommend as the maximum temperature rise?

A

we are currently at 1.1 degrees Celsius, it could get bad at 1.5, worst possible change 2 degree we find Celsius warming compared to 1950 average

39
Q

Anthropogenic vs. Natural factors (which is more important)?

A

 Anthropogenic- human caused forcing – net positive forcing – we need to lower it
 Natural factors – natural forcing – not able to maintain the balance with our additions
Anthropogenic factors are more important because they are having a greater impact

40
Q

How to approach climate change, especially our impact on it, from a faith standpoint?

A
41
Q

How to mitigate the effects of climate change with regulations?

A

> Cap and trade - companies are given a limit that gradually decreases over time - they can trade with other companies
Remove Fossil Fuel Subsidies - make it not as affordable
Set standards on vehicles - how much they can release
Carbon tax - An additional tax on products that will release carbon into the air - polluter pays principle

42
Q

How to mitigate the effects of climate change with Alternative Energy?

A

> Renewable Energy - wind energy, solar energy, etc.
Nuclear Power - Encourage the development of nuclear power; resolving issues concerning cost-effectiveness, reliability, fuel, and high level waste

43
Q

How to mitigate the effects of climate change with carbon capture?

A

> Sequestration - bury the carbon under the ground, very expensive and high energy
Reforestation - Plant more trees and stop cutting them down

44
Q

How to mitigate the effects of climate change with stabilizing growth?

A

Limit population growth

45
Q

What is the difference between mitigation and adaptation?

A

Mitigation is trying to stop the problem where it is. Adaption is acknowledging that there is a problem and taking steps to protect oneself from it.

46
Q

What is the IPCC?

A

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

47
Q

What does the IPCC recommend we do to mitigate climate change? Both personally and as a nation?

A

Eat less meat, establish more regulations, and switch to wind and solar energy

48
Q

What does Meyaard-Schaap recommend we do? Both personally and as a nation?

A

He strongly recommends not only changing our diet and lifestyle, but also advocating. Living our lives as a spiritual discipline for climate change.

49
Q

What are Feedback loops?

A

Feedback loops are are self feeding cycles that add to problems

50
Q

What are examples of positive feedback loops?

A

A positive feedback loop is one which increases the severity of global warming. and example would be the melting polar caps. As they melt, the albedo affect decreases, which makes the air heat up more

51
Q

What are examples of negative feedback loops?

A

A negative feedback loop is one that decreases global warming. An example would be clouds. As it grows warmer, clouds form, the earth than gets the albedo effect and cools off

52
Q

What is the definition of Albedo and what are examples?

A

Albedo is the ability to reflect sunlight.
Examples include:
- Snow
- Ice
- Clouds
- Some Aerosols
- Smoke - Volcanos

53
Q

How can we view Climate Change as Spiritual Practice?

A

In our role as stewards, we can view climate change, and the steps to prevent it it as a way of serving God.

54
Q

Sustainability, Stewardship, and Shalom?

A

The consensus throughout the various texts is that Shalom is a state of existence that could only have existed before the fall or after Christ returns. Shalom is the concept or idea that all things are in their proper form, and everything is following God’s plan unmarred by sin. To quote “Shalom Seeking”, “Shalom is a condition in which everyone and everything is in right relationship all the time.” I would say I may have seen glimpses of it in the birth of new lambs when the ewe immediately turns to protect and care for the lamb.

55
Q

What is sustainability?

A

According to the textbook sustainability is the process in which something continues indefinitely without running out of the resources needed to continue.

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