Communication Foundations Midterm

Question 1

Define Communication?

Answer 1

Human communication is the process of creating meaning by way of signs, symbols, and signals. It is dynamic, constant, situational, multi-dimensional, irretrievable, multi-directional, etc.

Question 2

Define Shalom?

Question 3

Define Symbolic Stewardship?

Answer 3

Made in the image of God

Question 4

Define Identification

Question 5

Define “Terministic Screen”

Answer 5

Words form a screen to keep us from understanding

Question 6

Define Contingency?

Question 7

Compare the Transactional (Cultural) vs Transmission (linear) model of communication

Answer 7

Transaction - Acknowledgement back and forth - friendships
Transmission - orders from the top - dictater

Question 8

What are they different types of speech - inform, argue, persuade?

Question 9

What are Aristotle’s types of rhetoric?

Answer 9

Forensics - past
epideditic - presents
Deliberative - future

Question 10

How do Rhetorical Appeals work?

Answer 10

ask hypothetical questions

Question 11

Describe the Rhetorical Triangle and include outside

Question 12

Kairos versus Chronos

Answer 12

Kairos means the opportune time while chronos means linear time

Question 13

Rhetoric versus Dialectic?

Question 14

What are the 5 canons of rhetoric?

Answer 14

1. Invention
2. Arrangement
3. Style
4. Delivery
5. Memory

Question 15

What is a heuristic?

Answer 15

a rule of thumb for a situation - think of writing 5 paragraphs

Question 16

Define listening

Answer 16

Is the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken words

Question 17

What are the 3 main barriers to listening - expand on noise, cultural, technological?

Question 18

Expand on Audience Analysis?

Question 19

what does WIFM mean?

Answer 19

What is in it for me?

Question 20

Define Exigency

Answer 20

Why this matters NOW

Question 21

What is a rhetorical situation?

Answer 21

What surrounds a speaker - the audience, situation, area

Question 22

Define a thesis

Question 23

What is a purpose statement

Question 24

Describe the main organizational/arrangement patterns

Answer 24

1. Chronological
2. Topical
3. Spatial
4. Comparative
5. Problem-solution

Question 25

Describe a hook/attention grabber?

Question 26

Define signposts?

Answer 26

previews for what is to come

Question 27

What is bookending?

Question 28

Define clinching?

Answer 28

making your last sentence really memorable

Question 29

What is the difference between a formal(preparation) outline and a speaking outline?

Question 30

Define enargeia?

Answer 30

vivid description

Question 31

Grammar versus style

Answer 31

Grammar is the ordinary use of language, Style is extranordiary - artful, tasteful, divided into grand middle plain

Question 32

What is the difference between denotation and connotation

Question 33

What is a metaphor (tenor & vehicle)? Include example

Answer 33

Tenor - the idea "home is a zoo." In this metaphor, the thing being compared is the state of the home. Therefore the home is the tenor of the metaphor

Question 34

What is a simile? Include example

Question 35

What is an analogy? Include example

Question 36

What is alliteration? Include example

Question 37

What is an antithesis? Include example

Question 38

What is parallelism? Include example

Question 39

What is a tricolon? Include example

Question 40

What is an Anaphora? Include example

Question 41

What is a Rhetorical Question? Include example

Question 42

What is a cliche? Include example

Question 43

Describe the 4 different types of delivery?

Answer 43

1. Manuscript - 2. Memorized - 3. Impromptu - 4. extemporaneous-

Question 44

Describe the 4 different types of vocal delivery?

Answer 44

1. Pitch - High and low 2. Rate - speed - fast and slow 3. Intensity - volume - loud and soft 4. Articulation - clear voice

Question 45

Describe the 4 different types of nonverbal delivery?

Answer 45

1. Gesture - 2. Movement - 3. Eye contact - 4. Facial expression -

Question 46

What are key features of audiovisual aids?

Answer 46

They are relevant, simple, visible, memorable, audience focused and non busy

Question 47

Describe the difference between argument and persuasion?

Question 48

What are theories of attitude change?

Answer 48

1. Reinforcement - people change attitudes for rewards 2. Need (Maslov)- they will change their minds based off of needs 3. Balance - attitudes change to reduce conflict - achieve balance

Question 49

What is the idea of the Elephant and the Rider? Also moral foundations

Question 50

Describe the Toulmin Method in detail

Answer 50

1. Warrant 2. Support 3. Qualification 4. Reservation

Question 51

What are the 4 Stasis Questions?

Question 52

Theoretical vs. Practical Questions?

Answer 52

broad versus very narrow

Question 53

List fallacies

Question 54

Deduction Versus Induction?

Question 55

What is a syllogism?

Question 56

What is an enthymeme?

Question 57

What is the criteria for evaluating evidence?

Question 58

What is the availability cascade?

Question 59

Define critical thinking?

Question 60

Define Egocentric Thinking?