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ecology exam 1 > module 1 ecology > Flashcards

module 1 ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

A broad field of Scientific inquiry that focuses on: Interactions between organisms & their abiotic environments
Effects of these interactions on their distribution & abundance.

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2
Q

Ecology is

A 
inherently INTERDISCIPLINARY , integrating many seemingly diffuse fields such as:
Biology Sociology
Mathematics Geology
Physics Architecture
Chemistry Economics
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3
Q

who coined the term ecology

A

ernst Haeckel

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4
Q

Ecology is the study of

A

interactions between organisms and their environments

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5
Q

Economy of Nature

A

The investigation of the total relationships of the animal both to its inorganic and organic environment

Including its friendly & inimical relations with those animals & plants with which it comes directly or indirectly into contact

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6
Q

Evolution and Ecology

A

Natural Systems are formed through Evolution

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7
Q

Charles Darwin

A
  • On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
  • Derived from Observation
  • Species change to better fit their environment
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8
Q

Stephen A. Forbes

A

look at entire environment instead of one fish species to understand all of fish species

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9
Q

Aldo Leopold

A

PROPER WAY TO MANAGE AREAS for healthy POPULATION

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10
Q

Eugene Odum

A

Look at Energy and nutrients it is the currency of ecosystem function

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11
Q

John Muir

A

prevent damn, fight for conservation of natural reservation

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12
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

parks preserved

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13
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

waldo pond experiences

value nature

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14
Q

Rachel Carson

A

one of the first people to realize the global dangers of pesticide abuse (DDT). Wrote Silent Spring. Scientiest responsible

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15
Q

Environment

made up of what

A

is the stuff around every level that influences its properties and dynamics.

made up of two things
abiotic biotic environment

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16
Q

Ecosystem is a collection

A

of parts that function as a unit

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17
Q

biotic

A

living components

18
Q

abiotic

A

nonliving (physical & chemical) components

19
Q

Nutrient Cycling

A

Dynamic System & REPLENISHMENT helps maintain Nutrients as well Replenished Nutrients More Deaths More Nutrients returned to Soil

20
Q 
Multiple levels of organization:
populations
communities
ecosystems
landscape
biomes
biosphere
A

Organisms
Populations- group of individuals of the same species that occupy a given area
Communities-populations of diff. species living and interacting with an ecosystems
Ecosystems-collected of related parts that function as a unit
Landscape-area of land composed of communities and ecosystems
Biomes- broad-scale regions
Biosphere-thin layer around earth

21
Q

order of scientific method

A 
Observation
question
Hypothesis
prediction
hypothesis testing & Repeat
Theory
Law
22
Q

Observation

A

Form a question based on that observation

23
Q

questioning

A

Based on: Observations Natural History Behaviors Plants Animals
- Apparent Patterns -Curiosity

24
Q

Hypothesis

A

An educated guess about what the answer to the question might be
this is a statement of cause and effect that can be tested

25
Q

Experiment

A

Unlike field study, one factor can be examined at a time
Other factors are Controlled
Held constant so only independent can cause change

26
Q

Field experiment

A

Allows investigator to manipulate one condition in a field setting Take a single large field, subdivide it into plots Add nitrogen to some plots and not others controlling the independent variable Measure plant growth on all of the plots (dependent variable). experiment site must vary minimally in other factors

27
Q

Laboratory experiment

A

Allows investigator greater control over the experimental conditions
Grow the grasses in a greenhouse temperature, soil moisture, and soil acidity can be kept constant investigate only the effect of nitrogen availability
But . . . Greenhouse conditions are different than those in a field Response may be different than in a field environment

28
Q

A model is

A

An abstract, simplified REPRESENTATION OF A REAL SYSTEM
Developed from results of observations and experiments
Can be descriptive (qualitative) or mathematical (quantitative

29
Q

Natural World

A

appears to be Chaotic

30
Q

Physical Constants

A

What goes up must come down

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed

31
Q

Systems are ever changing

A

Cells, Individuals, species, populations under constant flux

Rate of Change important

32
Q

Uncertainty is Inherent in Science

A

The SCIENTIFIC METHOD IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS. Testing and correcting explanations Refine our understanding of the world around us Usually simplify the system being studied in order to establish cause and effect As a result, only part of the picture is seen

33
Q

Natural History

A

Basis of All Ecological Study

The natural development of organism over a period of time

34
Q

physiological ecology

A

physiological- responses to temp, light, other environment conditions

35
Q

ecosystem ecology

A

ecosystem ecology-abiotic biotic world

36
Q

community ecology

A

community ecology-diversity

37
Q

population ecology

A

population ecology-pop growth death birth

38
Q

evolutionary ecology

A

evolutionary ecology-natural selection, adaptation

39
Q

landscape ecology

A

landscape ecology-land, spatial process

40
Q

conservation ecology

A

conservation ecology- maintance of biological diversity

41
Q

restoration ecology

A

restoration ecology- restoration manage disturbed lands

42
Q

applied ecology

A

applied ecology-all ecology applied to real world

ecology exam 1 (4 decks)

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