Module 1 (Chemistry)

Question 1

solute particles are very tiny, do not settle out or scatter light. (ex. IV soution, mineral water)

Answer 1

Solution

Question 2

solute particles are larger than in a solution and scatter light; do not settle out;

Answer 2

Colloid

Question 3

solute are very large, settle out, and may scatter light.

Answer 3

Suspension

Question 4

example of suspension?

Answer 4

centrifuged blood

Question 5

a concentration measurement in the blood

Answer 5

Milligrams / deciliter (mg/dL)

Question 6

any element or compound equal to its molecular weight in grams.

Answer 6

Mole

Question 7

study of chemical composition and reactions of living matter.

Answer 7

Biochemistry

Question 8

compounds that lack carbon except carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

Answer 8

Inorganic compounds

Question 9

Most abundant and important inorganic compound in living material; the universal solvent

Answer 9

Water

Question 10

cushions the body

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

Ionic compound containing cations other than H+ and anions other than the hydroxyl ions (OH-).

Answer 11

Salts

Question 12

what are salts when not yet intaken?

Answer 12

mineral

Question 13

what are salts when it is already ingested?

Answer 13

Electrolytes

Question 14

proton donors; substance that release hydrogen ions in detectable amounts;

Answer 14

acids

Question 15

the number of ____ released determines the acidity of the solution

Answer 15

protons

Question 16

proton acceptors; substances that take up hydrogen ions in detectable amounts

Answer 16

Bases

Question 17

measures the relative concentration of hydrogen ions in various body fluids;

Answer 17

pH - Potential Hydrogen

Question 18

ideal pH of human body; ideal for biological processes (most important is oxygenation of blood)

Answer 18

7.35-7.45 (ave. 7.40)

Question 19

pH below 7.35

Answer 19

acidemia

Question 20

pH above 7.45

Answer 20

Alkalemia

Question 21

When acids and bases mix, displacement reaction happen to form _____

Answer 21

water and salt

Question 22

*Stomach is acidic due to ____

Answer 22

HCl (Hydrochloric Acid)

Question 23

pH of the stomach

Answer 23

2-4

Question 24

molecules that neutralizes acid in the stomach

Answer 24

Antacids

Question 25

Consists of a weak acid and a weak base that resists abrupt and large changes in the pH of body fluids by Releasing hydrogen ions when the pH begins to rise and by Binding hydrogen ions when the pH drops

Answer 25

Buffers

Question 26

Molecules unique to living systems all contain _____

Answer 26

Carbon

Question 27

What is the charge of carbon?

Answer 27

none, electroneutral

Question 28

large complex molecules with thousands of atoms

Answer 28

macromolecules

Question 29

chainlike molecules made of smaller, similar subunits (monomers)

Answer 29

Polymers

Question 30

Monomers are joined by removal of OH from one monomer and removal of H from the other at the site of bond formation

Answer 30

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 31

Monomers are released by the addition of a water molecule, adding OH to one monomer and H to other

Answer 31

Hydrolysis

Question 32

sugars and starches; provide ready, easily used source of cellular fuel.

Answer 32

carbohydrates

Question 33

insoluble in water but dissolve readily in other lipids, alcohol and ether.

Answer 33

lipids

Question 34

fats when solids; oil if liquid; yields large amounts of energy

Answer 34

triglycerides

Question 35

fats with one single covalent bonds between carbon atoms

Answer 35

Saturated fats

Question 36

fats that contains one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

Answer 36

unsaturated fats

Question 37

solidified fats by addition of H atoms at carbon double bonds; related to high cardiovascular health risks.

Answer 37

trans fat

Question 38

modified triglycerides with glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and phosphate group (PO4)

Answer 38

Phospholipids

Question 39

found in cell membranes

Answer 39

Eicosanoids

Question 40

promote inflammation; reduced by paracetamol

Answer 40

Prostaglandins

Question 41

basic structure material of the body and plays vital roles in cell function.

Answer 41

Proteins

Question 42

building block of protein

Answer 42

amino acids

Question 43

protein that functions as mechanical support

Answer 43

Structural proteins

Question 44

protein for catalysis

Answer 44

Enzyme proteins

Question 45

Proteins that move substances

Answer 45

Transport Proteins

Question 46

proteins for movement

Answer 46

Contractile Protein

Question 47

Proteins for transmitting signals between cells; chemical messengers

Answer 47

Communication proteins

Question 48

proteins that protect against disease

Answer 48

Defensive proteins

Question 49

largest molecules in the body;

Answer 49

nucleic acids

Question 50

2 major classes of nucleic acids

Answer 50

DNA, RNA

Question 51

Energy from glucose is released from catabolism and captured in the bonds of ___

Answer 51

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 52

an energy transferring molecule in cells and provides energy immediately usable by all body cells

Answer 52

Adenosine triphosphate