Module 1: Chapter 1 (Organizational Behaviour Management) & Appendix (Research Methods) Flashcards
What are Organizations and their three components?
social inventions for accomplishing common goals through group effort
Three components:
* Social Inventions
→ coordinated presence of people, not things
* Goal Accomplishment
→ how can organizations can survive and adapt to change
* Group Effort
→ the interaction and coodrination among people to accomplish goals
What is Organization Behaviour? How does it differ from HR? As well, what are the ABC’s of Psychology
OB: the attitudes and behaviours of individuals and groups in organizations
Human resources management: are the programs, practices, and systems to acquire, develop, motivate, and retain employees in an organizations
ABC’s of Psyhcology
* affect (emotion), behaviour (action), cognition (how people think)
* How you feel
* How you behave
* How you think
Define Human Capital and Social Capital?
In why study Organizational Behaviour?
- Human capital: knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) embodied in an organization’s employees
- Social capital: the social resources that individuals obtain from participation in a social structure
→ Internal social capital: relationships developed within one’s organization
→ External social capital: relationships developed with external constituents outside
What are the three goals of OB? And explain each
Hint: P, E, M
- Predicting Organizational Behaviour
→ predicting when people will make ethical decisions, create innovative products, or engage in sexual harassment - Expaining Organizational Behaviour
→ explaining why people are less engaged, motivated, satisfied, or prone to resign - Managing Organizational behaviour
→ Management: managing others to get things accomplished
Define Evidence-based management
translating principles based on the best scientific evidence into organizational practices
What are the two classical views of management and briefly explain each one
- Scientific Management
→ Fredrick Taylor; determines the best degree of specialization and standardization of work tasks - Bureaucratic Management
→ Max Weber; includes a strict chain of command, formal rules, specilaization, centralized power, selection and promotion
What is the Hawthorne studies, define the Humans Relations Movement, and Contingency Approach
However, this is all good but the Contingency approach explains that…
- Hawthorne studies: findings illustrated how psychological and social processes affect productivity and work adjustment
→ job performance improved because more attention was being paid to the workers - Human relations Movement: a critique of classical management styles that were participative and oriented toward employee needs
- Contingency approach: an approach to management that recognizes that there is no one best way to manage and that an appropriate style depends on the demands of the situation
What are Minizberg’s three Managerial Roles
- Informational roles
→ Monitor
→ Disseminator
→ Spokesperson - Interpersonal
→ Figurehead
→ Leadership
→ Liaison - Decisional roles
→ Entrepreneur
→ Disturbance handler
→ Reasource Allocation
Do managers think the same globally?
Yes, however the style in which managers decide to do can vary because of cross-cultural variations
name and briefly explain some contemporary management concerns?
Hint: 7 concerns
- Diversity - Local and Global
→ new entrants (minorities, women), seniors, LGBTQ+, cultural differences - Employee Health and Well-Being
→ job-security, job demand, work-related stress - Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Care
→ providing employees a sense of purpose and care - Positive Organizational Behaviour
→ the application of positively orientated human resource strengths that can be measured for performance improvement - Talent Management and Employee Engagement
→ attracting and developing people’s skills for business needs - Alternative Work Arrangements
→ work that is risky and unpredictable for workers - Corporate Social Responsibility
→ company taking responsbility for its impact on stakeholders
Define Hypothesis and Variables
- Hypothesis: a formal statement of the expected relationship between two variables
→ Ex. How do we reduce absenteeism among our customer service employees? - Variables: something that can take on two or more values
→ Ex. With a small attendance bonus (variable is bonus or no bonus and days of absenteeism)
Types of variables: Define the Independent variable, the Dependent variable, Moderating variable, and Mediating variable
- Independent variable: the variable that predicts or is the cause of variation in a dependent variable
- Dependent variable: the variable that is expected to vary as a result changes to the independent variable→ Ex. Attendance bonus (prediction/cause of variation) is independent variable, and absenteeism (expected to vary) is the dependent variable
Independent causes/predicts dependent to change
Other words, Independent manipulates dependent to change
- Moderating variable: strengthen, diminish, negate, or otherwise alter the association between independent and dependent variables
- Mediating variable: intervenes or explains the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable
Name and explain the four measurements of variables?
- Reliability: results are consistent
→ Ex. If we ask someone how fair their pay is… A person should respond roughly the same way to the same questions next week, month if there has been no change in pay - Validity: results satisfy objectives
→ Ex. the results must satisfy and be in accordance with the objectives of the test - Convergent validity: when there is a strong relationship between different measures of the same variable
→ Ex. A measure of job satisfaction should be highly correlated to other measures of job satisfaction - Discriminant validity: when there is a weak relationship between measure of different variables
→ Ex. A measure of jobs satisfaction should not be strongly related to measures of job performance
What is observational research and it’s two techniques?
Observational research: examines the natural activities of people in an organizational setting by listening to what they say and watching what they do
- Participant Observation: the researcher becoming as functioning member of the organizational unit being studied
- Direct Observation: the researcher observes organizational behaviour without taking part in studied activity
Define correlation research and name the five correlational techniques?
+ explain cross-sectional design and longitudinal design
Correlational research: investigates relationships between two variables without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them
- Surveys
- Interview
- Existing data: data that are obtained from organizational records, such as demographic information
- Cross-sectional design: the independent and dependent variables are measured at the same time
- Longitudinal design: the independent variable is measured at one point in time and the dependent variable is measures some time later
