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Term 2 intro to therex > Module 1 chapter 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

systematic, planned performance of physical movements, postures, or activities intended to provide a patient/client with the means to Remediate or prevent impairments of body functions and structures, improve restore or enhance activities and participation, prevent or reduce health related risk factors, optimize overall health fitness or sense of well being

A

Therapeutic exercise

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2
Q

an individual with impairments and functional deficits diagnosed by a physical therapist and is receiving physical therapy care to improve function and prevent disability

A

Patient

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3
Q

an individual without diagnosed movement dysfunction who engages in physical therapy services to promote health and wellness and to prevent dysfunction.

A

Client

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4
Q

Physical function has interrelated areas, what are they ?

A

Balance/postural equilibrium<>muscle performance<>cariopulmonary/endurance<>mobility/flexibility<>NM control/coordination<>stability<>balance/postural equilibrium

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5
Q

The ability to move freely, without restriction; used interchangeably with mobility

A

Flexibility

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6
Q

The ability of structures or segments of the body to move or be moved in order to allow the occurrence of range of motion (ROM) for functional activities (functional ROM).4,177 Passive mobility is dependent on soft tissue (contractile and noncontractile) extensibility; in addition, active mobility requires neuromuscular activation

A

Mobility

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7
Q

The capacity of muscle to produce tension and do physical work. Muscle performance encompasses strength, power, and muscular endurance.

A

Muscle performance

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8
Q

Interaction of the sensory and motor systems that enables synergists, agonists, and antagonists, as well as stabilizers and neutralizers, to anticipate or respond to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information and, subsequently, to work in correct sequence to create coordinated movement.

A

Neuromuscular control

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9
Q

Used interchangeably with static or dynamic balance

A

Postural control, postural stability, and equilibrium

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10
Q

The ability of the neuromuscular system through synergistic muscle actions to hold a proximal or distal body segment in a stationary position or to control a stable base during superimposed movement.73,169,177 Joint stability is the maintenance of proper alignment of bony partners of a joint by means of passive and dynamic components.

A

Stability

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11
Q

the impact and functional consequence of acute or chronic conditions, such as disease, injury, and congenital or developmental abnormalities, that compromise basic human performance and an individual’s ability to meet necessary, customary, expected, and desired societal functions and roles

A

Disablement

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12
Q

Disability is more than a consequence of a medical condition; rather, it is part of the human condition that is experienced by everyone either temporarily or permanently. T or F

A

True

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13
Q

ICF stands for ?

A

International classification of functional disability and health

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14
Q

ICD stands for what ?

A

International classification of disease, which the World Health Organization made to help classify health conditions (diseases, disorders, and injuries)

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15
Q

ICF framework has what type of components

A

(The health condition disorder or disease)
Body functions and structure
Activity
Participation
Environmental factors
Personal factors
(Contextual factors)

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16
Q

the ICF model organizes info into 2 basic parts
Part 1 functioning and disability>2 parts
Part 2 contextual factors >2 parts
What is the 2 parts of functioning and disability ?
What do they. Mean by functioning and disability ?

A

Body functions and structures
Activities and participation

Functioning means positive interactions that are defined by the integrity of body functions and structures and the ability to perform activities and participate in life situations.
Disability is the negative interactions of health situations defined as impairments in body functions and structures, activity limitations and participation restrictions

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17
Q

The functioning aspect of part 1 of the ICF model labeled functioning and disability means what?

A

positive interactions that are defined by the integrity of body functions and structures and the ability to perform activities and participate in life situations

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18
Q

The disability part of part 1 of the ICF labeled functioning and disability means what?

A

the negative interactions of health situations defined as impairments in body functions and structures, activity limitations, and participation restrictions

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19
Q

Part 2 of the ICF model is the contextual factors (the complete background of an individual’s life and living situation) into 2 parts
1 environmental factors
2 personal factors
What does environmental factors concern?
What does personal factors concern ?

A

Environmental factors: Factors associated with the physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people conduct their lives; factors may facilitate functioning (facilitators) or hinder functioning and contribute to disability (barriers)
personal factors :the individual that are not part of the health condition or health state; includes age, gender, race, lifestyle habits, coping skills, character, affect, cultural and social background, education, etc

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20
Q

Problems associated with the physiology of the body systems (including psychological functions)

A

Impairments in body function

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21
Q

Problems with the anatomical features of the body

A

Impairments in body structure

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22
Q

Difficulties an individual may have in executing actions, tasks, and activities

A

Activity limitations

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23
Q

Problems an individual may experience with involvement in life situations, including difficulties participating in self-care; responsibilities in the home, workplace, or the community; and recreational, leisure and social activities

A

Participation restrictions

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24
Q

ICF term of health conditions

A

acute or chronic diseases, disorders, or injuries or circumstances such as aging, pregnancy, or stress that have an impact on a person’s level of function (see Fig. 1.2).76,77 Health conditions are the basis of a medical diagnosis and are coded using the WHO’s companion classification system, the International Classification of Disease (ICD).

25
Q

It is possible for two patients with the same medical diagnosis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and the same extent of joint destruction (confirmed radiologically) may have very different severities of impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction. T or F

A

T

26
Q

Body functions vs body structures

A

Body functions are physiological functions of the body
Body structures are anatomical parts of the body
These domains occur at the cellular, tissue or body system level

27
Q

Impairments

A

loss of integrity of the physiological, anatomical, and/or psychological functions and structures of the body and are a partial reflection of a person’s health status

28
Q

What are some observable impairments?

A

joint swelling, scarring, presence of an open wound, lymphedema or amputation of a limb

29
Q

What are some impairments we can palpate?

A

adhesions, muscle spasm, and joint crepitus

30
Q

Impairments of body function

A

pain, reduced sensation, decreased ROM, deficits in muscle performance (strength, power, and endurance), impaired balance or coordination, abnormal reflexes, and reduced ventilation

31
Q

Musculoskeletal impairments examples

A

Pain
Muscle weakness/reduced torque production
Decreased muscular endurance

Limited range of motion due to:
Restriction of the joint capsule
Restriction of periarticular connective tissue
Decreased muscle length
Joint hypermobility

Faulty posture
Muscle length/strength imbalances

32
Q

NM impairment examples

A

Pain
Impaired balance, postural stability, or control
Incoordination, faulty timing
Delayed motor development
Abnormal tone (hypotonia, hypertonia, and dystonia)
Ineffective/inefficient functional movement strategies

33
Q

Cardiovascular/pulmonary impairment examples

A

Decreased aerobic capacity (cardiopulmonary endurance)
Impaired circulation (lymphatic, venous, and arterial)
Pain with sustained physical activity (intermittent claudication)

34
Q

Integumentary Impairment examples

A

Skin hypomobility (e.g., immobile or adherent scarring)

35
Q

Primary impairment

A

Impairments directly from the health condition

36
Q

Secondary impairment

A

result of preexisting impairments

37
Q

A patient, for example, who has been referred to physical therapy with a medical diagnosis of impingement syndrome or tendonitis of the rotator cuff (pathological condition), may exhibit impairments of body function, such as pain, limited ROM of the shoulder, and weakness of specific shoulder girdle and glenohumeral musculature during the physical therapy examination.
Are the impairments primary or secondary?

A

Primary because they are directly from the health condition

38
Q

The patient may have developed the shoulder pathology from a preexisting postural impairment, which led to altered use of the upper extremity and impingement from faulty mechanics.
Would the impairments of the shoulder be primary or secondary?

A

Secondary impairments , because the shoulder impairment came after the postural issues

39
Q

Diagnosis: impingement syndrome of shoulder and associated tendinitis of the rotator cuff which led to limited range of shoulder elevation.
What is the health condition/pathology?
What is the impairment?

A

Health condition: impingement/tendonitis
Primary impairment:limited range of shoulder elevation

40
Q

a patient who sustained a severe inversion sprain of the ankle resulting in a tear of the talofibular ligament and whose ankle was immobilized for several weeks is likely to exhibit a balance impairment of the involved lower extremity after the immobilizer is removed. This ________ impairment could be the result of chronic ligamentous laxity (body structure impairment) and impaired ankle proprioception from the injury or muscle weakness (body function impairments) due to immobilization and disuse.
Composite? Primary? Secondary?

A

Composite, When an impairment is the result of multiple underlying causes and arises from a combination of primary or secondary impairments, the term composite impairment is sometimes used

41
Q

functionally relevant impairments

A

impairments that directly contribute to current or future activity limitations and participation restrictions in a patient’s daily life. Impairments that can predispose a patient to secondary health conditions or impairments also must be identified

42
Q

If a patient had restricted ROM and the therapist suspects that there are biomechanics abnormalities of soft tissue which could be the underlying causes of an impairment, what could be the next step to think about?

A

Which soft tissues are restricted and why are they restricted.

43
Q

Although most physical therapy interventions, including therapeutic exercise, are designed to correct or reduce physical impairments of body function, such as decreased ROM or strength, poor balance, or limited cardiopulmonary endurance, the focus of treatment ultimately must be to…

A

Improve performance of activities and participation in life events.
From a patient’s perspective, successful outcomes of treatment are determined by restoration of activities and participation levels. A therapist cannot simply assume that intervening at the impairment level (e.g., with strengthening or stretching exercises) and subsequently reducing physical impairments (by increasing strength and ROM) generalize to improvement in a patient’s level of activity and participation in work and social roles.

44
Q

ICF term Activity limitations

A

when a person has difficulty executing or is unable to perform tasks or actions of daily life
restricted ROM (impairment of body function) of the shoulder as the result of adhesive capsulitis (health condition) can limit a person’s ability to reach overhead (activity limitation) while performing personal grooming or household tasks

45
Q

Limited ability to reach overhead is

A

Activity limitation

46
Q

Loss of independence in self care and difficulty performing household tasks independently is a

A

Participation restriction

47
Q

Links!
Limited ROM of the shoulder and…

A

difficulty reaching behind the head or back while bathing and dressing

48
Q

Links!
Decreased isometric strength of LE mm and difficulty …

A

Stooping and kneeling

49
Q

Links!
Decreased lower extremity peak power and reduced …

A

Walking speed and difficulty moving from sitting to standing

50
Q

evidence from other studies suggests that the severity and complexity of impairments must reach a critical level, which is different for each person, before degradation of functioning begins to occur.
T or f

A

True

51
Q

Activity limitations

A

involve technical and physiological problems that are task-specific and related to performance

52
Q

Activity limitations examples

A

Reaching and grasping
Lifting, lowering, and carrying
Pushing and pulling
Bending and stooping
Turning and twisting
Throwing and catching
Rolling
Sitting or standing tolerance
Squatting (crouching) and kneeling
Standing up and sitting down (from and to a chair, the floor)
Getting in and out of bed
Moving around (crawling, walking, and running) in various environments
Ascending and descending stairs
Hopping and jumping
Kicking or swinging an object

53
Q

“Activities may be limited and ______ may be restricted “

A

Participation

54
Q

To perform a basic home maintenance task such as painting a room, a person must be able to grasp and hold a paintbrush or roller, climb a ladder, reach overhead, kneel, or stoop down to the floor. If any one of these component movements is limited, it may not be possible to perform the overall task of painting the room. If the individual views home maintenance as a personal or social role, the inability to perform the task of painting may result in participation restriction.

A

Impairment: structural
Activity limitation: physically can not do something
Participation restriction: something someone wants / has to do and can’t perform due to activity limitation
Impairment<>activity limitation<>participation restriction

55
Q

Participation restrictions ICF

A

participation restrictions are defined as problems a person may experience in his or her involvement in life situations as measured against social standards. More specifically, participation restriction is about not being able to take part in social practices in situations of significance or meaningfulness in the context of a person’s attitudes and environment (contextual factors).26,144

Social expectations or roles that involve interactions with others and participation in activities are an important part of the individual. These roles are specific to age, gender, sex, and cultural background.

56
Q

Areas of Functioning Associated With Participation Restrictions (Examples)

A

Self-care
Mobility in the community
Occupational tasks
School-related tasks
Home management (indoor and outdoor)
Caring for dependents
Recreational and leisure activities
Socializing with friends/family
Community responsibilities and service

57
Q

Risk factors for disability

A

-Biological Factors
Age, sex, and race
Height/weight relationship
Congenital abnormalities or disorders (e.g., skeletal deformities, neuromuscular disorders, cardiopulmonary diseases, or anomalies)
Family history of disease; genetic predisposition
-Behavioral/Psychological/Lifestyle Factors
Sedentary lifestyle
Cultural biases
Use of tobacco, alcohol, and/or other drugs
Poor nutrition
Low level of motivation
Inadequate coping skills
Difficulty dealing with change or stress
Negative affect
-Physical Environment Characteristics
Architectural barriers in the home, community, and workplace
Ergonomic characteristics of the home, work, or school environments
-Socioeconomic Factors
Low economic status
Low level of education
Inadequate access to health care
Limited family or social support

58
Q

Some of the risk factors, in particular lifestyle characteristics and behaviors and their impact on the potential for disease or injury, have become reasonably well known because of public service announcements and distribution of educational materials in conjunction with health promotion campaigns.
T or F

A

T

Term 2 intro to therex (1 decks)

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