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HEMATOLOGY MODULE 1 & 2 > MODULE 1 CBC > Flashcards

MODULE 1 CBC Flashcards

1
Q

CBC is previously know as?

A

Full Blood Count

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2
Q

CBC is consist of

A

Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
WBC Count
RBC Count
Differential Count
Platelet Count
RBC Indices

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3
Q

Factor for Hemoglobin

A

10

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4
Q

Conventional Units for Male in Hemoglobin

A

14-17.5 g/dL

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5
Q

SI units for Female Hemoglobin

A

123-153 g/L

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6
Q

SI units for Male Hemoglobin

A

140-175 g/L

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7
Q

Conventional Units for Female for Hemoglobin

A

12.3-15.3 g/dL

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8
Q

Principle of Hemoglobin

A

Used to diagnose and follow treatment of anemia

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9
Q

Hemoglobin is INCREASED in:

A

Polycythemia vera
Morning
Strenuous Exercise
High Altitudes

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10
Q

Hemoglobin is DECREASED in:

A

Anemia

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11
Q

Hemoglobin is SLIHTLY LOWER in:

A

Patient lying down

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12
Q

Cyanmethhemoglobin method is also know as

A

Hemiglobincyanide Method

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13
Q

Principle of Cyanmethemoglobin

A

Reference method for hemoglobin
Measure all forms of hemoglobin except SULFHEMOGLOBIN

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14
Q

Drabkin’s Reagent Consist of:

A

Potassium Ferricyanide
Potassium Cyanide
Dihydrogen Potassium Phosphate
Nonionic Detergent
Distilled Water

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15
Q

Converts HEMOGLOBIN into METHEMOGLOBIN

A

Potassium Ferricyanide

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16
Q

Convers METHEMOGLOBIN into CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN

A

Potassium Cyanide

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17
Q

Shortens conversion time from 10-15 mins. to 3 mins.

A

Dihydrogen Potassium Phosphate

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18
Q

Enhances LYSIS of RBC’s

A

Nonionic Detergent

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19
Q

Example of NONIONIC DETERGENT

A

Steroz
Triton X

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20
Q

Drabkin’s reagent should be

A

Clear and pale yellow

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21
Q

Very poisonous and must be kept in a locked cabinet at all times when not in use.

A

Potassium Cyanide

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22
Q

Sources of Error in Hemoglobin Dtermination

A

Lipemia
Increased WBC’s and Platelets
HbS and HbC
Increased Globulins
Overanticoagulation

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23
Q

Correction need for LIPEMIA

A

corrected using patient blank

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24
Q

Correction need for Increased WBC’s and Platelets

A

Corrected by centrifuging test mixture and testing hemoglobin on the supernatant fluid

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25
Q

Correction need for HbS and HbC

A

Dilute hemoglobin with distilled water

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26
Q

Correction need for Increased globulins

A

Use of Dihydrogen Potassium Phosphate

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27
Q

Principle of HEMATOCRIT

A

Term Packed Cell Volume; measure how much is your blood consist or RBC
HEMATOCRIT term used to describe the method.

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28
Q

Relationship of Hb and Hct in Ratio

A

1:3

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29
Q

The relationship of Hb and Hct in Ratio may vary in

A

Cause of anemia and the effect on the RBC Indices especially in MCV.

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30
Q

Factor in Hct

A

0.01

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31
Q

SI units for Male Hct

A

0.415-0.504 volume fraction

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32
Q

Conventional Units for Male Hct

A

41.5-50.4%

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33
Q

Conventional Units for Female Hct

A

35.9-44.6%

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34
Q

SI units for Female Hct

A

0.359-0.446 volume fraction

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35
Q

Reference manual method for Microhematocrit

A

Spun Microhematocrit

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36
Q

Microhematocrit tube long, bore and holds blood..

A

75mm
1mm
0.05 mL

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37
Q

Anticoagulant for RED Capillary Tube

A

Sodium Heparin

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38
Q

Anticoagulant for Blue Capillary Tube

A

Plain

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39
Q

Anticoagulant for Green Capillary Tube

A

Ammonium Heparin

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40
Q

Anticoagulant for ORANGE Capillary Tube

A

Lithium Heparin

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41
Q

Clay plug should be ___mm long

A

4-6 mm long

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42
Q

Layers of Blood after cnetrifugation

A

Fatty Layer
Plasma
Buffy Coat
Packed RBC’s
Sealing Clay

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43
Q

Color of Bead in Thoma Pipette for WBC

A

White

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44
Q

Color of Bead in Thoma Pipette for RBC

A

Red

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45
Q

Volume of the Bulb for Thoma Pipette for RBC

A

100

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46
Q

Volume of the Bulb for Thoma Pipette for WBC

A

10

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47
Q

Dilution Range for Thoma Pipette for RBC

A

1:100-1:1000`

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48
Q

Dilution Range for Thoma Pipette for WBC

A

1:10-1:100

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49
Q

Outstanding Marks for Thoma Pipette for RBC

A

0.5, 1, 101

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50
Q

Outstanding Marks for Thoma Pipette for WBC

A

0.5, 1, 11

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51
Q

Factor in RBC Count and WBC Count

A

10^6

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52
Q

SI Units for Female in RBC Count

A

4.5-5.1 X 10^12/L

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53
Q

SI Units for Male in RBC Count

A

4.5-5.9 X 10^12/L

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54
Q

Conventional Units for Male in RBC Count

A

4.5-5.9 X 10^6 u/L

u/L- units per liter

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55
Q

Conventional Units for Female in RBC Count

A

4.5-5.1 X 10^6 u/L

56
Q

Hct result should be agree with

A

+ - 0.02 L/L
L/L- Liter of cells per liter of blood

57
Q

RBC is HIGHER in

A

Newborns

58
Q

RBC is SLIGHTLY DECREASE in

A

Childhood/adolescence and after 50 yrs of age

59
Q

RBC is INCREASED in

A

Polycythemia
Dehydration
High Altitudes

60
Q

RBC is DECREASED in

A

Anemia

61
Q

Procedure of Manual RBC Count

A
  1. Draw blood up to 0.5 mark of thoma pipette, and add the diluting fluid for 101 mark
  2. Shake the pipette in a mechanical shaker for 3 mins.
  3. Discard the first 4 drops from the pipette and fill the counting chamber.
  4. Count RBC’s in 5 Small central squares.
  5. Calculate the RBC count
    • Total no. of RBC’s Counted X 50
62
Q

Dilution of RBC Count

A

1:200

63
Q

Dilution for Polycythemia

A

1:300

64
Q

Dilution for Severe Anemia

A

1:100

65
Q

Principle of RBC Diluting Fluid

A

Should be isotonic to prevent lysis of RBC’s

66
Q

Examples of RBC’s Diluting Fluid

A

Hayem’s
NSS
Dacie’s (Formol-Citrate)
Toisson’s
Gower’s
Bethel’s
3.8% Na Citrate

67
Q

Conventional Units for WBC Count

A

4.4-11 X 10^3/uL
/uL- Microliters

68
Q

SI Units for WBC Count

A

4.4-11.3 X 10^9/L

69
Q

WBC Count is Higher in

A

Newborns
1 yr old
Adult

70
Q

WBC in Newborns

A

10-30 X 10^9/L

71
Q

WBC in 1 year old

A

6-17 X 10^9/L

72
Q

WBC in Adult

A

4-11 X 10^9/L

73
Q

Diurnal Variation of WBC

A

Highest in AFTERNOON
Lowest in MORNING

74
Q

Anticoagulant used for WBC

A

EDTA

75
Q

Unsatisfactory Anticoagulant for WBC

A

Heparin

76
Q

Principle of WBC Diluting Fluid

A

Lyses the RBC so that they will not obscure the WBC

76
Q

Principle of WBC Diluting Fluid

A

Lyses the RBC so that they will not obscure the WBC

77
Q

Example of WBC Diluting Fluid

A

1% Ammonium Oxalate
2-3% Glacial Acetic Acid with Gentian Violet
1% Hydrochloric Acid (IMH Used)
Turk’s Solution (Glacial Acetic Acid & methyl Violet)

78
Q

Procedure in WBC Count

A

1.Draw blood exactly 0.5 mark and dilute up to 11 mark with diluting fluid
2. Mix the pipette in the mechanical shaker for 3 Mins.
3. Discard first 4 drops of the mixture and fill the hemocytometer
4. Count the 4 Corner Square using LPO
5. Calculate the WBC count by multiplying the # of WBCs Counted in 4 Squares by 50

79
Q

Cleaning Solution for the Neubauer Chamber

A

95% Alcohol

80
Q

Cells that are not lysed by the WBC Diluting Fluid

A

Sickle Cells
Target Cells

81
Q

Wedge Blood Smear is also known as

A

Spreader Slide
Push Smear
2 Slide method

82
Q

Position of spreader slide

A

30-45 degree angle

83
Q

Extremely Thick Smears are caused by:

A

Decreased pressure
Increased angle of spreader slide
Increased size of blood
Increased speed of spreader

84
Q

Extremely Thin Smears are caused by:

A

Increased pressure
Decreased angle of spreader slide
Decrease size of blood
Decrease speed of spreader

85
Q

Other types of Blood Smears

A

Cover Slide Method
Automation Blood Films
Buffy Coat Smear
Thick and Thin Blood Film

86
Q

Principle of Cover Slide Method

A

2 cover slide are used
utilized extensively for BM exams

87
Q

Procedure for Cover Slide Method

A
  1. Small drop of blood in one cover slide and place another cover slip on the top (8 pointed star overlapping)
  2. If spread is complete, pull 2 slide apart.
  3. Air dry and already ready for staining.
88
Q

Principle of Wedge (Push) Type

A

Stimulate the manual spreader technique

89
Q

Principle of Buffy Coat Smear

A

Centrifuge Blood in wintrobe tube for 15 mins. at 15000g or 6 mins. at 1000g and aspirate buffy coat.
Easier to locate bacteria or parasite

90
Q

What is a NONVITAL POLYCHROME STAIN

A

Produce multiple colors when applied to cellular elements

91
Q

Ex. of NONVITAL POLYCHROME STAIN

A

Romanowsky Stains

92
Q

What is a NONVITAL MONOCHROME STAIN

A

Stain specific cellular components

93
Q

Ex. of NONVITAL MONOCHROME STAIN

A

Prussian Blue

94
Q

Principle of Prussian Blue

A

Visualizes iron granules in RBC

95
Q

What is a SUPRAVITAL STAIN

A

Stain specific cellular components in the living state. No fixative are used in the staining process.

96
Q

Ex. of SUPRAVITAL STAIN

A

New Methylene Blue

97
Q

Principle of NEW METHYLENE BLUE

A

Precipitate RNA in reticulocytes
Basic Dye
+ Charge
stains acidic compound of the cell (Nucleus blue/purple)

98
Q

Principle of Romanowsky Stain

A

Routinely used to stain peripheral blood and BM Smears
considered to be polychromatic stain
basically contain methylene blue and eosin

99
Q

Eosin

A

Acidic Dye
- Charge
Stains Basic Compound of the Cell (cytoplasm oramge/pink)

100
Q

Eosin

A

Acidic Dye
- Charge
Stains Basic Compound of the Cell (cytoplasm oramge/pink)

101
Q

Principle of DIFFERENTIAL COUNT

A

Determine the relative number of each type of WBC and at the same time a study of RBC, WBC and platelet morphology is performed.

102
Q

3 part differential count

A

granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocytes

103
Q

5 part differential count

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

104
Q

Relative Value of Neutrophil Segmented

A

50-70%

105
Q

Absolute Value of Neutrophil Segmented

A

1.8-7.8 X 10^9/L

106
Q

Relative Value of Neutrophil Band

A

0-5%

107
Q

Absolute Value of Neutrophil Band

A

0-0.70 X 10^9/L

108
Q

Relative Value of Eosinophil

A

1-3%

109
Q

Relative Value of Basophil

A

0-2%

110
Q

Relative Value of Lymphocytes

A

18-42%

111
Q

Relative Value of Monocytes

A

2-11%

112
Q

Absolute Value of Eosinophil

A

0-0.45 X 10^9/L

113
Q

Absolute Value of Basophil

A

0-0.20 X 10^9/L

114
Q

Absolute Value of Lymphocytes

A

1.0-4.8 X 10^9/L

115
Q

Absolute Value of Monocytes

A

0-0.80 X 10^9/L

116
Q

Counting Methods

A

Cross Sectional or Crenellation
Longitudinal
Battlement

117
Q

Principle of Cross Sectional or Crenellation

A

WBCs are counted consecutive fields as the blood film is moved from side to side

118
Q

Principle of Longitudinal

A

Ideal method if the smear is thin enough
Counted in consecutive fields from tail toward the head of the smear

119
Q

Principle of Battlement

A

Uses a pattern of consecutive fields beginning near the tail on a horizontal edge.

120
Q

Principle of RBC Indices

A

Useful in the morphologic characterization of anemia
Calculations introduced by Wintrobe

121
Q

Conventional Unit of MCV

A

80-96 um3
um3-one cubic microliter

122
Q

Conventional Unit of MCH

A

27.5-33.2 pg
picogram

123
Q

Conventional Unit of MCHC

A

33.4-35.5%

124
Q

Factor of MCV and MCH

A

1

125
Q

Factor for MCHC

A

0.01

126
Q

SI Units for MCHC

A

0.334-0.355

127
Q

SI Units for MCV

A

80-96 fL
femtoliter

128
Q

SI Units for MCH

A

27.5-33.2 pg

129
Q

MCV

A

Mean Corpuscular Value
MCV= Hct/RBC X 10
Indicate average volume of RBC

130
Q

Interpretation of MCV

A

Macrocytic RBC >96 fL
Normocytic RBC 80-96 fL
Microcytic RBC <80 fL

131
Q

MCH

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
MCH= Hb/RBC X 10
Average content of Hb in RBC
Less valuable than MCV and MCHC

132
Q

Interpretation MCH

A

INCREASED in MACROcytic Anemia
DECREASED in MICROcytuc Anemia and Hypoochromic Anemia

133
Q

MCHC

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
MCHC= Hb/Hct X 100
Average concentration of Hb in each individual RBC in g/dL

134
Q

Interpretaion of MCHC

A

Hyperchromia >35.5% (sperocytes)
Normochromia 33.4-35.5%
Hypochromis <33.4% (IDA and Thalassemia)

135
Q

RDW

A

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width
RDW= SD of MCV/Mean of MCV X 100
Indicates degree of anisocytosis (variation of cell size)
Determine from the RBC Histogram

136
Q

RDW Normal Value

A

12-17%

HEMATOLOGY MODULE 1 & 2 (3 decks)

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