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IPAP Micro Chance > Module 1 : Basic Characteristics of Microorganisms > Flashcards

Module 1 : Basic Characteristics of Microorganisms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two general characteristics of an Endospore?

A

1) Highly resistant, dehydrated form, resistant to environmental effects
2) Metabolically dormant- One spore germinates to form one vegetative cell

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2
Q

What composes an Endospore?

A

Concentrated, dehydrated, densely packed nucleic acids and metabolic proteins within a thick spore coat

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3
Q

What is an Endospores function?

A

survivability in extreme environments, maintain viability for years

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4
Q

Define a Capsule’s composition and function

A

Composition: Polysaccharides

Function:

  • Resistant to Phagocytosis
  • “Hides” surface antigens
  • Assists in attachment
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5
Q

What is material composes a bacterial flagellum?

A

Proteins

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6
Q

What is the function of the bacterial flagellum?

A

Motility- propelling/locomotion

Chemotaxis/Phototaxis

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7
Q

How do spirochetes move?

A

By the means of axial filaments through the “spring” resulting in a corkscrew motion

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8
Q

What is the compositon of a bacterial fimbriae?

A

Short, thin, threadlike glycoprotein strands protruding from the cell

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9
Q

Define Saprophyte

A

An organism which utilizes non-living organic matter

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10
Q

Define Parasite

A

an organism which lives in or on a host organism

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11
Q

Define Fastidious

A

Organism that have specific requirements for nutrients which they cannot synthesize

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12
Q

Define nutrients in the context of growing bacteria

A

growth supporting substance (ie. Food Substance)

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13
Q

Define Bacterial Cultivation

A

Growth of particular microorganisms/under controlled conditions

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14
Q

Explain Aerobic Oxygen utilization

A

Bacteria require atmospheric oxygen (21%)

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15
Q

Define Microaerophilic

A

Bacteria that requires reduced oxygen concentration (5-10%)

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16
Q

Define Anaerobic

A

Bacteria that require an absence of oxygen

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17
Q

Define Facltative

A

Can grow with or without oxygen

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18
Q

Explain 4 Optimal Environmental Needs of Bacteria

A

Temp: 35 C
pH: 6.8-7.4
Humidity: 60-80%
CO2: some require 5-7%

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19
Q

Define Culture Media

A

The material in/on which bacteria grow in the laboratory

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20
Q

How long does it take for one cell to divide into two?

A

30-60 Min for most

15-30 Hrs for some

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21
Q

How long does it typically take to grow a colony of bacteria?

A

15-48hrs for most

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22
Q

How do we define a colony of bacteria?

A

1-3mm diameter

Smooth, Shiny, Butter

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23
Q

What are the 3 Cell Characteristics of “Atypical” Bacteria?

A

1) Some Obligate, Intracellular parasites
2) Modified cell wall structures
3) Complicated or modified reproductive method

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24
Q

What type of cell is a Fungi?

A

Eucaryotic

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25
What are the two main Fungi Cell Morphology and Structure?
Yeast and Mould
26
Explain the 5 Characteristics of Yeast
1) Single Cell 2) Oval or Spherical 3) Reproduce by Budding 4) 4-15um diameter 5) Smooth, Shiny
27
Define Hyphae
Multicellular long filamentous cells that branch and intertwine
28
How does Mould reproduce?
Reproductive Hypae: Produce spores
29
How long does it take to grow a Yeast colony?
2-5 Days
30
How long does it take to grow a Mould colony?
5-21 Days
31
Name the 5 Classifications of Microorganisms and their cell type
1) Parasitic Worms - Eucaryotic 2) Protozoa/Algae- Eucaryotic 3) Fungi- Eucaryotic 4) Bacteria- Procaryotic 5) Viruses-
32
What is a Procaryotic cell type?
Single cell organisms without a formed nucleus or organelles
33
What is the typical size of the typical bacteria?
0.5-0.8um in diameter | 1-6um in length/ most 1-2um
34
What is cell morphology?
External appearance of the cell, colony, other item
35
Coccus
Spherical shape
36
Bacillus
Rod/Cylindrical
37
Define Pleomorphic
Can have various distinct forms
38
Coryneform
Club Shaped
39
Spirochete/Spirilum Shape
spiral or corkscrew
40
Explain the 2 Composition Characteristics of the Cytoplasmic Membrane
1) Phospholipid Bilayer- hydrophilic heads/hydrophobic tails which affect movement accross the membrane 2) Proteins- Porins create channels and other create enzymes
41
What are the four functions of the cytoplasmic membrane
1) Selective Permeability 2) Energy Production 3) Synthesis/Transportation of Peptidoglycogen/Teichoic acids/outer membrane components 4) Secretion of Extracellular hydrolitic enzymes
42
Explain the 3 Cell Wall Functions
1) Provide Shape/Rigidity 2) Protection from Env./microbial agnts 3) Attachment site (Antibodies/Antigens)
43
What are three parts of a Gram-Positive Cell Wall?
1) Peptidoglycogen (60-80%) 2) Alternating NAG-NAM with peptide connections 3) Teichoic Acids
44
What three molecules compose the "outer membrane" of the Gram-negative cell wall?
Lipoproteins, Lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids
45
What are 3 components of the Gram-Negative Cell Wall?
1) Peptidoglycogen (10-20%) 2) Lipoprotein Layer creates a Periplasmic Space 3) Has an Outer membrane whihc hosts the "O" Antigen and Lipid A endotoxin molecule
46
Describe the 3 main descriptors of viruses
1) Obligate, intracellular - Takes contol of host cell - Requires metabolic process of living cell to replicate 2) Contains either DNA/RNA 3) Unaffected by Antibiotics
47
What is the typical virus size?
18 to 300nm
48
What is a viron?
Fully Developed virus particle
49
What is contained in a virus core?
Nucleuic Acid (DNA/RNA)
50
Describe the two structures of the capsid
Helical: Molecules are closely aligned to helical shape of nucleuic acid Icosahederal- Similar to soccer ball, pentagalon sides
51
Purpose and Compositon of Capsid
1) Contain/Protect Nucleic acid 2) Proteins serve as antigens to attachment site (Protein)
52
What are two Components of a Envelope?
Lipid Bilayer (from host cell or nuclear membrane Glycoproteins: site for attachment/antigen
53
What are 3 functions of a Envelope?
Bilayer provides protection from environment/Site of attachement to host cell/Proteins serve as antigens during infection and antibody attachment
54
What makes up the "head' of the virus?
Core, Capsid
55
What are the three components of the tail?
Sheath, Tail Fibers, Base with Enzymatic pins
56
Describe the composition and purpose of the tail fibers
Mainly protein with Polysaccharide Tips (Carbohydrate) which help attachment to host
57
Describe the Sheath
Column of protein connecting head to base/Re configures into a tube once attached
58
What does the mRNA go to when injected into the host to begin its replication or lytic cycle?
Ribosomes
59
For Laboratory cultivation how long does it take to isolate and identify a virus
2 days to 4 weeks depending on the virus
60
What kind of cell type is a protozoa?
Eucaryotic
61
Are protazoa a single celled organism with intacellular organelles?
Yes
62
How are Protozoa types identified?
Their specific locomotion
63
Amoebae
Moves by Pseudopodia (false foot)
64
Flagellates
Move by flagella
65
Ciliates
Move by Cilia
66
Apicomplexans
(Sporazoans) non-motile in their mature forms
67
General size of protozoa?
2um to 1mm
68
What are the two basick morphological stages of protozoa?
Trophozoite | Cystic Stage
69
Explain the Trophozoite Stage
1) Active, vegetative, motile, feeding stage | 2) Responsible for most pathological conditions in host
70
Explain the Cystic Stage
1) Dormant, nonmotile, non-feeding | 2) Cyst wall, resilient to environment
71
What are the characteritics of Helminths?
Eucaryotic, Multicellular simple body systems
72
Describe the 4 characteritics of Trematodes (Fluke)
1) 1 Body, leaf like 2) Size: 500um to 60mm 3) Partial Alimentary Tract 4) Monoecious
73
Describe the 4 characteristics of Cestodes (Tapeworms)
1) Segmented body parts 2) 2mm-12 meters 3) No Alimentary Tract 4) Monoecious
74
Describe Aschelminthes
1) Cylindrical- wrinkled 2) 300um to 1 meter 3) Complete alimentary tract 4) Dioecious

IPAP Micro Chance (3 decks)

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