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MICROLEC > MODULE 1 AND 2 > Flashcards

MODULE 1 AND 2 Flashcards

1
Q

THE FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY

A

LOUIS PASTEUR

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2
Q

THE STUDY OF ALL LIVING ORGANISMS THAT ARE TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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3
Q

WHY MICROBIOLOGY MATTERS?

A

> KEEPS THE PLANT HEALTHY
AGRICULTURE
COMBATING DISEASES
INDUSTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

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4
Q

WHY IS MICROBIOLOGY IMPORTANT IN KEEPING THE PLANTS HEALTHY?

A

BECAUSE MICROBIOLOGY PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN RECYCLING ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

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5
Q

WHY IS MICROBIOLOGY IMPORTANT IN AGRICULTURE?

A

BECAUSE THIS ENABLES FARMERS TO INCREASE YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY

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6
Q

WHY IS MICROBIOLOGY IMPORTANT IN COMBATING DISEASES?

A

ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY, CONTROL AND PREVENTION

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7
Q

WHY IS MICROBIOLOGY IMPORTANT IN INDUSTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY?

A

BECAUSE THIS HELPS CREATE ANTIBIOTICS AND VACCINES, AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

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8
Q

THE FIRST BACTERIA DISCOVERED ON EARTH

A

CYANOBACTERIA

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9
Q

CYANOBACTERIA IS A PROKARYOTIC BLUE GREEN ALGAE

A

TRUE

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10
Q

THIS IS FOUND IN FRESHWATER AND MARINE SYSTEMS

A

VOLVOX

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11
Q

APPLICATIONS OF VOLVOX

A

> IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
PIGMENTS AND CAROTENOIDS
POLYUNSATURATED FATS
ANTIOXIDANTS

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12
Q

TYPES OF MICROBIAL CELLS

A

PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC

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13
Q

THEY LACK TRUE CELL MEMBRANE AND NUCLEUS

A

PROKARYOTIC

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14
Q

WHAT PROKARYOTE IS EXEMPTED IN LACKING TRUE CELL MEMBRANE

A

PLANKOMYCETES

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15
Q

HAVE CELL MEMBRANE AND NUCLEUS

A

EUKARYOTIC

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16
Q

ORGANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL ENTITIES CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS:

A

CELLULAR AND ACELLULAR

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17
Q

THESE ARE UNDER CELLULAR

A

FUNGI, PROTIST, BACTERIA, ARCHAEA

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18
Q

ACELLULAR INCLUDES:

A

VIRUSES, VIROIDS, VIRUSOIDS, PRIONS

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19
Q

THESE ARE THE SMALLEST OF MICROBES. REQUIRES CELL HOST TO REPLICATE

A

VIRUSES

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20
Q

THESE COMPOSED THE VIRUSES

A

PROTEIN AND NUCLEIC ACID

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21
Q

THESE ARE INFECTIOUS AGENTS CAUSED BY RNA

A

VIROIDS AND VIRUSOIDS

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22
Q

INFECTIOUS PROTEINS

A

PRIONS

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23
Q

THIS CAUSES FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

A

PRIONS

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24
Q

THIS HAS A PROTEIN COAT AND GENETIC MATERIAL

A

ACELLULAR

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25
Q

THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM, BASED ON A COMPARISON OF ______, DIVIDES MICROORGANISMS INTO THREE DOMAINS

A

RIBOSOMAL RNA

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26
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE DOMAINS

A

BACTERIA, ARCHAEA, EUKARYA

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27
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF A BACTERIA

A

SINGLE CELLED
PEPTIDOGLYCAN CELL WALL
LACK A MEMBRANE BOUND NUCLEUS
UBIQUITOUS AND SOME LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS

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28
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ARCHAEA

A 
HAVE A UNIQUE rRNA GENE SEQUENCES COMPARED TO BACTERIA
LACK PEPTIDOGLYCAN CELL WALL
HAVE UNIQUE LIPID MEMBRANE
UNUSUAL METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS
LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
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29
Q

THESE ARE UNDER EUKARYA

A

PROTISTA, ALGAE, PROTOZOA, SLIME MOLDS, WATER MOLDS, FUNGI

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30
Q

GENERALLY LARGER THAN BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA

A

PROTISTA

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31
Q

THEY ARE GREEN AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC

A

ALGAE

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32
Q

HUNTERS GRATERS

A

PROTOZOA

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33
Q

HAS TWO LIFE STAGES

A

SLIME MOLDS

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34
Q

THIS CAUSES DISEASE IN PLANTS

A

WATER MOLDS

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35
Q

TWO TYPES OF FUNGI

A

YEAST AND MOLDS

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36
Q

THIS COMPRISES THE UNICELLULAR MICROBE OF FUNGI

A

YEAST

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37
Q

FILAMENTOUS FUNGI

A

MOLDS

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38
Q

PROPOSED CHEMICAL THEORY

A

OPARINE AND HALDANE

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39
Q

THIS IS THE TRANSITION OF PROKARYOTIC CELL TO EUKARYOTIC CELL

A

ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

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40
Q

PROPOSED ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

A

LYNN MARGUILLIS

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41
Q

PROOF OF ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

A

CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIA HAVE THEIR OWN DNA

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42
Q

OLDEST AND MOST POPULAR TECHNOLOGY USED BY HUMAN KIND DATING BACK TO NEOLITHIC PERIOD

A

FERMENTATION

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43
Q

USE OF FERMENTATION

A

DAIRY PRODUCTS, BAKING, WINE MAKING AND BREWING

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44
Q

THIS USES A SPECIAL STRAIN OF YEAST

A

SOUR DOUGH

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45
Q

FERMENTED BERRIES

A

OLIVES

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46
Q

The purified toxin used for temporarily paralyzing facial muscles is derived from what microbe?

A

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINIUM

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47
Q

THIS CAUSES PIMPLES

A

STAPHYLOCCOCUS AUREUS

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48
Q

CAUSES TYPLOID FEVER

A

SALMONELLA TYPHI

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49
Q

ONE OF THE BIGGEST MICROBES THAT CAN BE SEEN BY THE NAKED EYE

A

THIOMARGARITA NAMIBIENSIS

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50
Q

WHAT IS LAW OF BIOGENESIS

A

LIFE COMES AFTER LIFE

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51
Q

The baker’s yeast and the brewer’s yeast differ in which of the following traits?

A

SHAPE AND MODE OF REPRODUCTION

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52
Q

The scientist who worked on the classification of organisms into three Domains by comparing the 16S rRNA of living systems

A

CARL WOESE

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53
Q

Based on the Phylogenetic Tree , the Archaea are more related to the Eukarya than Bacteria.

A

TRUE

54
Q

The theory of that states that life came from extraterrestrial origins is called________________.

A

PANSPERMIA

55
Q

BACTERIOPHAGE IS A ____

A

VIRUS

56
Q

All prokaryotes are unicellular, all eukaryotes are multicellular.

A

FALSE; EUKARYOTES ARE ALSO UNICELLULAR

57
Q

THE MODERN CELL THEORY

A

THE CELL IS THE SMALLEST LIVING UNIT IN ALL ORGANISMS
ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS
ALL CELLS COME FROM PRE-EXISTING CELLS

58
Q

THE MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES OF A EUKARYOTIC CELL

A

NUCLEUS
MITOCHONDRIA
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

59
Q

SIMILARITIES OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

A

RIBOSOMES
DNA
CELL MEMBRANE

60
Q

THESE ARE UNDER PROKARYOTES

A

ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA

61
Q

THE SIX KINGDOMS

A 
ARCHAEABACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
FUNGI
PROTISTA
ANIMALIA
PLANTAE
62
Q

MODE OF CELL REPRODUCTION OF PROKARYOTES

A

BINARY FISSION, FERMENTATION, BUDDING

63
Q

MODE OF CELL REPRODUCTION OF EUKARYOTES

A

MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

64
Q

THESE ARE COCCI IN CLUSTERS

A

STAPHYLOCOCCUS

65
Q

COCCI IN CHAINS

A

STREPTOCOCCUS

66
Q

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE BARRIER

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

67
Q

MECHANICAL BOUNDARY OF CELL

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

68
Q

LOCATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

69
Q

PROVIDES BUOYANCE

A

GAS VACUOLE

70
Q

SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

A

RIBOSOMES

71
Q

STORAGE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MATERIALS

A

INCLUSION

72
Q

LOCATION OF GENETIC MATERIAL

A

NUCLEOID

73
Q

PROTECTION FROM OSMOTIC STRESS

A

CELL WALL

74
Q

RESISTANCE TO PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

CAPSULE AND SLIME LAYER

75
Q

PROTECTS THE BACTERIA FROM DIGESTION THROUGH PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

GLYCOCALYX

76
Q

PROTECT FROM ION AND PH FLUNCTUATION

A

SLIME LAYER

77
Q

THE APPENDAGES OF A PROKARYOTIC CELL

A

FIMBRIAE
PILI
FLAGELLA

78
Q

LONG WHIP-LIKE STRUCTURE PRIMARILY FOR MOVEMENT

A

FLAGELLUM

79
Q

TYPES OF FLAGELLUM

A

ATRICHOUS
PETRICHOUS
POLAR

80
Q

UNDER POLAR

A

MONOTRICHOUS
LOPOTRICHOUS
AMPITRICHOUS

81
Q

ATRICHOUS

A

WITHOUT FLAGELLUM

82
Q

PETRICHOUS

A

ALL OVER THE CELL

83
Q

POLAR

A

ONE OR BOTH SIDES

84
Q

MONOTRICHOUS

A

A FLAGELLA AT ONE SIDE

85
Q

LOPOTRICHOUS

A

A FLAGELLUM ONE SIDE

86
Q

AMPHITRICHOUS

A

FLAGELLA AT BOTH SIDES

87
Q

THIS FLAGELLAR ROTATION MEANS THE FLAGELLA IS MOVING FORWARD

A

COUNTERCLOCKWISE

88
Q

THIS FLAGELLAR ROTATION MEANS THE FLAGELLA IS CHANGING DIRECTION

A

CLOCKWISE

89
Q

MOVEMENT OF ORGANISMS TOWARDS OR AWAY FROM A STIMULUS

A

TAXIS

90
Q

TYPES OF TAXIS

A 
PHOTOTAXIS
CHEMOTAXIS
THERMOTAXIS
AEROTAXIS
OSMOTAXIS
91
Q

CONSISTS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE, CELL WALL, AND GLYCOCALYX

A

CELL ENVELOPE

92
Q

THE PRIMARY ROLE OF PLASMA MEMBRANE

A

SELECTIVE PERMEABLE BARRIERS

93
Q

WHAT MAKES BACTERIAL PM UNIQUE?

A

RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE AND PRESENCE OF ANTI-MICROBIAL AGENTS

94
Q

PROPOSES THAT PLASMA MEMBRANES ARE LIPID BILAYERS

A

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

95
Q

THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF LIPID BILAYERS

A

AMPHIPATHIC

96
Q

A STEROID FOUND IN THE MEMBRANE OF EUKARYOTES

A

CHOLESTEROL

97
Q

A STEROL FOUND IN MANY BACTERIAL MEMBRANES

A

HOPANOID

98
Q

HOW DOES THE PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT NUTRIENTS?

A

THROUGH TRANSPORT MECHANISMS

99
Q

WHAT ARE THESE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS?

A

PASSIVE DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
GROUP TRANSLOCATION

100
Q

WHAT ARE THE MACRONUTRIENTS?

A

C, H, O, N, Mg, Ca, Fe

101
Q

WHAT ARE THE MICRONUTRIENTS?

A

Zn, Co, Mo, Ni, Cu

102
Q

HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION

A

PASSIVE DIFFUSION

103
Q

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

A

PASSIVE DIFFUSION

104
Q

MOLECULES MOVE DOWN THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

A

PASSIVE DIFFUSION

105
Q

LOW CONCENTRATION TO HIGH

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

106
Q

USES CHANNELS AND CARRIERS TO TRANSPORT

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

107
Q

ENERGY IS BEING UTILIZED

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

108
Q

TRANSPORTS SOLUTES TO HIGHER AGAINST THE GRADIENT

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

109
Q

USES ATP HYDROLYSIS

A

PRIMARY AT

110
Q

UNIPORTER

A

PRIMARY AT

111
Q

USES POTENTIAL ENERGY

A

SECONDARY AT

112
Q

COTRANSPORTERS

A

SECONDARY AT

113
Q

THESE ARE THE CONTRANSPORTERS OF SECONDARY AT

A

SYMPORTER AND ANTIPORTER

114
Q

MOLECULE IS MODIFIED AS IT ENTERS THE CELL

A

GROUP TRANSLOCATION

115
Q

THICK JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE OF THE CELL

A

CYTOPLASM

116
Q

ENCLOSES EVERYTHING AFTER THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

A

CYTOPLASM

117
Q

EVERYTHING AFTER THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

A

PROTOPLAST

118
Q

PRESENT IN CYANOBACTERIA AND OTHER CO2 FIXING BACTERIA

A

CARBOXYSOMES

119
Q

THESE ARE CYTOSKELETON HOMOLOGOUS

A

TUBULIN HOMOLOGUE
ACTIN HOMOLOGUE
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT

120
Q

RESISTANT TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES

A

BACTERIAL ENDOSPORE

121
Q

NORMAL CONDITIONS IN A CONTINOUS GROWTH (NO ENDOSPORE)

A

VEGETATIVE GROWTH

122
Q

SURVIVAL MECHANISM

A

SPORULATION

123
Q

THESE ARE THE STEPS IN ENDOSPORE FORMATION

A 
AXIAL FILAMENT FORMATION
SEPTUM FORMATION AND FORESPORE DEVELOPMENT
ENGULFMENT OF FORESPORE
CORTEX FORMATION
COAT SYNTHESIS
COMPLETION OF COAT SYNTHESIS
LYSIS OF SPORANGIUM
124
Q

HOW TO KILL ENDOSPORE BACTERIUM IN THE LAB?

A

AUTOCLAVE

125
Q

WHAT DOES GRAM STAIN DO?

A

IT CLASSIFIES BACTERIA

HIGHLIGHTS CELL MORPHOLOGY AND ARRANGEMENT

126
Q

ACID-FAST STAIN

A

MYCOBACTERIUM SPECIES

NOCARDIA SPECIES

127
Q

FLUORESCENT STAIN

A

AURAMINE-RHODAMINE

128
Q

WET MOUNTS

A 
FUNGI
PARASITES
VAGINOSIS
TRICHOMAS
SYPHILLIS
129
Q

INDIA INK

A

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

130
Q

WARTHIN-SHARRY STAIN

A

SPIROCHETES
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
MICROSPORDIA
BARTONELLA HENSELATE

131
Q

WRIGHT STAIN

A

HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM
CHLAMYDIA
PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVELLI

MICROLEC (5 decks)

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