Module 1

Question 1

Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

Answer 1

➔ PROKARYOTIC CELLS :

• Are more simple, and do not have membrane bound organelles
• No nucleus
• Bacteria
• Only unicellular

➔ EUKARYOTIC CELLS:

• Are more complex and contain an array of membrane bound organelles
• Membrane bound nucleus
• Paired chromosomes
• Could be single celled or multi celled

Question 2

Prokaryote

Answer 2

a microscopic single celled organism which lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

An organism consisting of a cell of cells in which there is a distinct membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 4

Organelle

Answer 4

A membrane bound structure within an eukaryotic cell, which performs a specialized function

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

A thin membrane that encloses the contents of a cell, and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Question 6

Phospholipid

Answer 6

A bio macro molecule composed of two fatty acid tails joined to phosphate containing head

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

The passive net movement of a substance from a region with a high concentration to a region with a low concentration

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

The net diffusion of free water molecules threw up semi permeable membrane from a region with a low solute concentration to a region with the high solute concentration

Question 9

Simple diffusion

Answer 9

The passive net movement from a substance from a region with a high concentration to a region with a low concentration

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

The net diffusion of free water molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a region with a low solute concentration to a region with s high solute concentration

Question 11

The fluid Mosaic model

Answer 11

Represents our understanding of the syrtuxtrw of cell members e. Suggest that the cell membrane as a double layer of lipid (lipid bilayer) what’s the ability to flow and change shape, like two dimensional fluid.
Water is non poler

Question 12

Active transport

Answer 12

Movement from low concentration to high concentration

Energy is required

Question 13

Optimal temperature

Answer 13

The temperature at which an enzyme works fastest

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

Passive movement of molecules across a membrane down a concentration gradient via a specific channel or carrier protein

Question 15

Active transport

Answer 15

Movement of materials across a membrane against a gradient concentration via a specific carrier protein

Question 16

Bulk transport

Answer 16

Movement of materials too large to pass through a carrier or channel of protein in membrane-bound vesicles that fuse with cell membrane

Question 17

SA : V

Answer 17

Smaller animal the larger the SA V

Comparison of size of an outside object to the amount it hold inside

Question 18

Concentration gradient

Answer 18

Difference between concentration in 2 places

Question 19

Characteristics of materials entering or leaving a cell has an impact on the efficiency of exchange

Answer 19

Size
Charge/ polarity
Solubility
Shape

Question 20

Energy

Answer 20

Ability to do work

Ex light energy, chemical energy

Question 21

5 biomaxrmolecule

Answer 21

Protein
Nucleus acid
Carbohydrates
Lipids

Question 22

Photosynthesis

Answer 22

Process which olatsnyse energy in sunlight to synthesis glucose from carbon dioxide and water

Carbon dioxide and water -> glucose and oxygen

Question 23

Light dependent stage

Answer 23

Directly requires light

In grana

Question 24

Light Independence Day

Answer 24

Aka Calvin cycle
In Stroma
Does not directly require light

Question 25

Cellular respiration

Answer 25

Glucose and oxygen -> carbon dioxide water and ATP

Question 26

Enzyme

Answer 26

Protein that acts as a catalyst | Speeding up a chemical reaction while remaining unchanged

Question 27

Activation energy

Answer 27

Minimum enegery required to start a chemical reaction

Question 28

Optimal temperature

Answer 28

Temperature which an enzymes works fastest

Question 29

Dénaturation

Answer 29

An enzyme is denatured if it's shape is permanently changed

Question 30

pH

Answer 30

Measure of acid to base | 7 is neutral

Question 31

Cofactors

Answer 31

Substance other than a substrate which fits into the active site and is necessary for the activity of an enzyme

Question 32

Coenzyme

Answer 32

Organic cofactors

Question 33

Inhibitor

Answer 33

Substance that bunds to an enzyme and decrease its activity

Question 34

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 34

Substance that binds to the active site of an enzyme and prevents the entry of a substrate

Question 35

Substrate

Answer 35

Molecule which an enzyme works

Question 36

System order

Answer 36

``` Cells Tissues Organs Organ ststem Organism ```

Question 37

Leaf transect

Answer 37

``` Upper epidermis Lower epidermis Mesopgyl Stoma Guard cells Xylem Phloem ```

Question 38

Dactylozooids

Answer 38

Zooids that attach to prey and secrete various digestive system

Question 39

Gonozooids

Answer 39

Each one consists of male and female reproductive bodies

Question 40

Gastrozooids

Answer 40

A trailing tentacle that has specialised stinging cells to assist in trapping

Question 41

Pneumatophore

Answer 41

An air-filled bladder that helps the blue bottle float

Question 42

Unicellular organism

Answer 42

Eukaryotic / Prokaryotic Complete living entity consisting of just one cell. Its survival is not dependent upon other cells. - May divide into two parts, each part unicellular and independent

Question 43

Colonial organism

Answer 43

Collection of Unicellular Organisms living together. - Difference to a multicellular organism is that if separated, the individual one celled organisms can survive on their own.

Question 44

Multicellular organism

Answer 44

Organisms that are made up of more than one cell. - Consist of specialised cells that perform different tasks within the organism. - All the parts are required for the organism to survive and individual cells cannot survive alone.

Question 45

Specialisation

Answer 45

Carries out a specific job to benefit the whole organism

Question 46

Differentiation

Answer 46

Cells are instructed by genetic information to change their structure, they are differentiated from their original form

Question 47

Autotrophic Nutrition

Answer 47

Autotrophs are living things that can supply their own food and organic molecules. - Can be photoautotrophs using carbon dioxide and sunlights for energy in photosynthesis - Chemoautotrophs using carbon dioxide as the source of carbon and energy from oxidising inorganic substances.

Question 48

Heterotrophic Nutrition

Answer 48

Heterotrophs are organisms that depend on other organisms as sources of food and can be unicellular Multicellular heterotrophs need to be able to find and catch other organisms to consume energy.

Question 49

Xylem

Answer 49

transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from roots to various parts of the plant. It is responsible for replacing water lost through transpiration and photosynthesis.

Question 50

Phloem

Answer 50

Phloem translocates sugars made by photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots, tubers or bulbs.