Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Preliminary > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

A

➔ PROKARYOTIC CELLS :

  • Are more simple, and do not have membrane bound organelles
  • No nucleus
  • Bacteria
  • Only unicellular

➔ EUKARYOTIC CELLS:

  • Are more complex and contain an array of membrane bound organelles
  • Membrane bound nucleus
  • Paired chromosomes
  • Could be single celled or multi celled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prokaryote

A

a microscopic single celled organism which lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Eukaryotes

A

An organism consisting of a cell of cells in which there is a distinct membrane bound nucleus and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organelle

A

A membrane bound structure within an eukaryotic cell, which performs a specialized function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell membrane

A

A thin membrane that encloses the contents of a cell, and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phospholipid

A

A bio macro molecule composed of two fatty acid tails joined to phosphate containing head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diffusion

A

The passive net movement of a substance from a region with a high concentration to a region with a low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osmosis

A

The net diffusion of free water molecules threw up semi permeable membrane from a region with a low solute concentration to a region with the high solute concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Simple diffusion

A

The passive net movement from a substance from a region with a high concentration to a region with a low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Osmosis

A

The net diffusion of free water molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a region with a low solute concentration to a region with s high solute concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The fluid Mosaic model

A

Represents our understanding of the syrtuxtrw of cell members e. Suggest that the cell membrane as a double layer of lipid (lipid bilayer) what’s the ability to flow and change shape, like two dimensional fluid.
Water is non poler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Active transport

A

Movement from low concentration to high concentration

Energy is required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Optimal temperature

A

The temperature at which an enzyme works fastest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Passive movement of molecules across a membrane down a concentration gradient via a specific channel or carrier protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of materials across a membrane against a gradient concentration via a specific carrier protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bulk transport

A

Movement of materials too large to pass through a carrier or channel of protein in membrane-bound vesicles that fuse with cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SA : V

A

Smaller animal the larger the SA V

Comparison of size of an outside object to the amount it hold inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Difference between concentration in 2 places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristics of materials entering or leaving a cell has an impact on the efficiency of exchange

A

Size
Charge/ polarity
Solubility
Shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

Ex light energy, chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

5 biomaxrmolecule

A

Protein
Nucleus acid
Carbohydrates
Lipids

22
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process which olatsnyse energy in sunlight to synthesis glucose from carbon dioxide and water

Carbon dioxide and water -> glucose and oxygen

23
Q

Light dependent stage

A

Directly requires light

In grana

24
Q

Light Independence Day

A

Aka Calvin cycle
In Stroma
Does not directly require light

25
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Glucose and oxygen -> carbon dioxide water and ATP

26
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein that acts as a catalyst

Speeding up a chemical reaction while remaining unchanged

27
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum enegery required to start a chemical reaction

28
Q

Optimal temperature

A

Temperature which an enzymes works fastest

29
Q

Dénaturation

A

An enzyme is denatured if it’s shape is permanently changed

30
Q

pH

A

Measure of acid to base

7 is neutral

31
Q

Cofactors

A

Substance other than a substrate which fits into the active site and is necessary for the activity of an enzyme

32
Q

Coenzyme

A

Organic cofactors

33
Q

Inhibitor

A

Substance that bunds to an enzyme and decrease its activity

34
Q

Competitive inhibitor

A

Substance that binds to the active site of an enzyme and prevents the entry of a substrate

35
Q

Substrate

A

Molecule which an enzyme works

36
Q

System order

A 
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ ststem
Organism
37
Q

Leaf transect

A 
Upper epidermis
Lower epidermis
Mesopgyl
Stoma
Guard cells
Xylem
Phloem
38
Q

Dactylozooids

A

Zooids that attach to prey and secrete various digestive system

39
Q

Gonozooids

A

Each one consists of male and female reproductive bodies

40
Q

Gastrozooids

A

A trailing tentacle that has specialised stinging cells to assist in trapping

41
Q

Pneumatophore

A

An air-filled bladder that helps the blue bottle float

42
Q

Unicellular organism

A

Eukaryotic / Prokaryotic
Complete living entity consisting of just one cell. Its
survival is not dependent upon other cells.
- May divide into two parts, each part unicellular and
independent

43
Q

Colonial organism

A

Collection of Unicellular Organisms living together.
- Difference to a multicellular organism is that if separated,
the individual one celled organisms can survive on their own.

44
Q

Multicellular organism

A

Organisms that are made up of more than one cell.

  • Consist of specialised cells that perform different tasks within the organism.
  • All the parts are required for the organism to survive and individual cells cannot survive alone.
45
Q

Specialisation

A

Carries out a specific job to benefit the whole organism

46
Q

Differentiation

A

Cells are instructed by genetic information to change their structure, they are differentiated from their original form

47
Q

Autotrophic Nutrition

A

Autotrophs are living things that can supply their own food and organic molecules.

  • Can be photoautotrophs using carbon dioxide and sunlights for energy in photosynthesis
  • Chemoautotrophs using carbon dioxide as the source of carbon and energy from oxidising inorganic substances.
48
Q

Heterotrophic Nutrition

A

Heterotrophs are organisms that depend on other organisms as sources of food and can be unicellular
Multicellular heterotrophs need to be able to find and catch other organisms to consume energy.

49
Q

Xylem

A

transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from roots to various parts of the plant. It is responsible for replacing water lost through transpiration and photosynthesis.

50
Q

Phloem

A

Phloem translocates sugars made by photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots, tubers or bulbs.

Biology Preliminary (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions