Module 1&2

Question 1

NSP Founder

Answer 1

Charles Minnie Dole 1938- Chair until 1950

Question 2

NSP Mission

Answer 2

To help keep people safe on the mountain and during other outdoor activities

Question 3

OEC Curriculum Creator and Evolution

Answer 3

1985 Dr. Warren Bowman, created an emergency responder textbook exclusively for ski patrollers, titled Winter Emergency Care. Three years later textbook was revised and renamed Outdoor Emergency Care.

Question 4

To become an OEC technician you need to…

Answer 4

OEC candidates must successfully complete the OEC course. OEC technicians must successfully complete a written examination. OEC technicians must successfully complete a practical examination.

Question 5

To recertify as an OEC technician you must…

Answer 5

Review 1/3 of the curriculum every year in a CEU Refresher. Renew CPR & AED every other year and pass the ICS 100 for all first responders

Question 6

Ethics

Answer 6

guiding principles for healthcare professionals, ensuring that they prioritize their patients’ well-being, treat patients with dignity and respect, and foster trust and confidence in the healthcare system.

Question 7

What are the 5 Ethical Principles?

Answer 7

1-Respect Autonomy (independence)
2- Do No Harm
3-Benefit Others
4-Be Just
5-Be Faithful

Question 8

Define Respect Autonomy (ethics)

Answer 8

Individual has the right to act as a free agent, decide how they live their lives as long as their decisions do not harm the lives of others, the right to exercise freedom of thought or choice, and the right to refuse care.

Question 9

Define Do no Harm (ethics)

Answer 9

OEC technicians should not engage in any activities with the public that harm others. Any intervention provided should not cause further harm to the patient.

Question 10

Define Benefit others (beneficence) in ethics

Answer 10

Our actions should actively promote the health and well-being of others. OEC technicians have a responsibility to promote skier safety.

Question 11

Define Being Just (ethics)

Answer 11

Being just and fair balances the rights of one individual against those of others. This principle assumes three standards: impartiality, equality, and reciprocity.

Question 12

Define Be Faithful (ethics)

Answer 12

To instill faith you must be loyal, truthful, keep your promises, and respect others.

Question 13

Good Samaritan law

Answer 13

offers legal protection to individuals with first aid training who provide assistance during emergencies. It grants immunity from civil liability to those who act in good faith, within their scope of training, and without expecting compensation.

Question 14

Gross Negligence

Answer 14

intentional failure to perform a manifest duty in reckless disregard of the consequences as affecting the life or property of another, and implies a thoughtless disregard of the consequences without the exertion of any effort to avoid them.

Question 15

Doctrine of Public Reliance

Answer 15

created whenever a rescuer may have a legal obligation to render first-aid care to an injured person in need of such care.** primary exception is when performing such care may place the safety of a rescuer or others at risk.

Question 16

Abandonment

Answer 16

inappropriately terminated first aid care after care has been started

Question 17

An OEC technician should continue providing care until…

Answer 17

-All required care has been given.
-The injured person has been transferred to another caregiver of equal or higher training
-The injured person has specifically informed the rescuer that he or she no longer wants emergency care.
-The patient is transported safely to a medical treatment facility.
-Continuing such emergency medical care threatens the rescuer’s safety.

Question 18

Negligence

Answer 18

can occur when an OEC technician harms an individual by not performing up to the technician’s standard of training.

Question 19

Duty To Act

Answer 19

OEC Tech is legally required to render appropriate care after you approach a patient.

Question 20

Breach Of Duty

Answer 20

The failure to perform a promised act or obligation of due care

Question 21

Scope of Training

Answer 21

the roles and the limitations that are placed on a medical provider pursuant to their level of training.

Question 21

Assumption of Risk

Answer 21

when skiers or snowboarders choose to participate in these sports, they assume that the sport has inherent risks.

Question 21

Standard of Training (OEC)

Answer 21

The OEC standard of training as based on their curriculum that determines the level of care technicians can legally provide

Question 22

Standard of Care

Answer 22

includes the OEC Training, the local area’s protocols; the state’s emergency medical services restrictions, laws, and procedures; and circumstances within the geographic area in which the rescuer works.

Question 23

Consent

Answer 23

permission from the patient to perform care

Question 24

Informed Consent

Answer 24

the injured person understands what actions the responder plans to take and agrees to them

Question 26

Expressed Consent

Answer 26

a competent patient agrees to care

Question 27

Implied Consent

Answer 27

the patient is not capable of providing expressed consent but would request first-aid care if they could.

Question 28

Minor Consent

Answer 28

from a parent or legal guardian. However, if a parent or legal guardian is not available, implied consent allows OEC technicians to conduct first aid and provide transportation.

Question 29

How to Handle a Refusal

Answer 29

if a skier refuses first aid, OEC technicians should document the refusal in writing, signed by the injured skier and, if possible, witnessed by another OEC technician after explaining the risk of refusing care

Question 29

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Answer 29

A law requiring that medical personnel maintain patient confidentiality during the electronic transmission of medical records, among other requirements.

Question 29

OEC course was created by the NSP to…

Answer 29

be the primary resource in becoming a ski patroller, bike patroller, or prehospital provider responding to outdoor emergencies.

Question 30

Failure to exercise the care that a reasonably prudent person with similar training would exercise in a similar circumstance is known as:

Answer 30

negligence