Module 1-2 Flashcards
A health science discipline in which the pharmacies provide patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health wellness and disease prevention.
The practice of clinical pharmacy in braces to philosophy of pharmaceutical care
Clinical pharmacy
The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving a definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life
Pharmaceutical care
Systematic and comprehensive method for interacting with patients.
This may vary depending on the purpose and goals of the health care providers
Patient care process
The primary purpose of the pharmacist in the patient care process is to…
Identify solve and prevent drug therapy problems
Any undesirable event experienced by a patient which involves or a suspected to involved drug therapy and that interferes with achieving the desired goals of therapy and requires professional judgment to resolve
Drug therapy problem
Categories of medication-related problems:
Untreated indication
Treatment without indication
Improper drug selection
Too little drug
Too much drug
Non adherence
ADR
Drug interaction
Pharmacies patient care process:
Assessment of the patient’s drug-related needs
Creation of a care plan to meet those needs
Follow-up evaluation to determine whether the positive outcomes were achieved
Elements of a care plan:
Medical condition
Drug therapy problems
Goals of therapy
Interventions
Follow up plan
therapeutic goals achieved for acute condition, discontinue therapy.
Resolved
Therapeutic goals achieved, continue the same therapy for chronic disease management
Stable
Progress is being made in achieving goals, continue the same therapy because more time is required to assess the full benefit after a few
Improved
Progress is being made, that minor adjustments in term of the are required to fully achieve the therapeutic goals before assessment
Partial improvement
Little or no progress has been made, but continue the same therapy to allow additional time for benefit to be observed
Unimproved
A decline in health is observed despite an attic attrition using the optimal drug modifying drug therapy (e.g. increase the current medications add a second agent with additive or synergistic effects)
Worsened
Therapeutic goals have not been achieved despite an addict a tools and duration of therapy discontinue current medications and start new therapy
Failure
The patient died while receiving drug therapy document possible contributing factors especially if they may be drug related
Expired
The service or group of services that optimize therapeutic outcomes for individual patients.
Provided to help patients get the best benefit from their medications.
Important to improve health outcomes.
Medication Therapy Management
Physical aspects of MTM:
Patient self care
Medication reconciliation
Requires the patient to take responsibility for the ailments; what the patient performs in between visits.
Patient self-care
Comprehensive evaluation of a patient’s medication regimen anytime there is a change in therapy to avoid medication errors and to observe compliance and adherence.
Involves comparing previous and current medications and should occur at every transition of care
Medication reconciliation
It gives the measurement of the body is degree of heat.
Measured using oral thermometer, a temperature-sensitive crystal, thermal scanner, thermistor on pulmonary artery catheter, etc.
Areas of assessment are oral cavity rectum accelya armpit in ear.
monitor patient response to drug therapy
Body temperature
Determine the heart rate, the intensity of the poles and the regularity of the pulse.
Frequent the contraction of your heart by counting the pulse in 15 secs and x by 4
Pulse rate
Breathing pattern, breaths per minute
Additional muscles to breathe
Discreetly monitor the patient’s respiration
No the respiratory breaths per minute and the breathing pattern
Respiration rate
Monitors territorial pressure while the heart is popping
Regular physical examination that is done by using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
Includes listening to korotkoff sound or tapping sound
Blood pressure
Determined by pulse rate
Measure beats of heart per minute
Heart rate
Can be measured using pulse oximetry.
An estimate of the quantity of oxygen incorporated into blood
Oxygen saturation
It is done by catheter inserted into the blood vessel to administer radiopaque material.
A radiographic examination that assesses the blood vessels and circulation
Requested if patient may manifest and gina blood vessel issues within born heart defect
Angiography
A removal and evaluation of tissue
This is requested if the patient manifest cancer in certain areas of the body
Examples are needle biopsy bone biopsy aspiration biopsy surgical biopsy etc.
Results will vary depending on what does your doctor required you to
Biopsy
Produces precise section x-ray images using a computerized x-ray system
Why do doctors request CT scan; is the patient has bone fracture infections cancer or tumors and to confirm if a certain treatment is working
Abnormal results: tumor, blood clot, fractures
Computed tomography CT scan
Uses ultrasound technology to detect frequency changes brought on by moving objects
Used to assess heart and peripheral circulation blood flow velocities
Requested if the patient: had a stroke, under medication for a blood flow disorder, shortness of breath, fatigue, feeling cold and numbness in your lower leg or foot
Abnormal results: blood clot in arteries, narrow blood vessel, aneurysm
Doppler echography
Use for inspecting hollow cavities like canals
A flexible or rigid to be the camera and light source known as an endoscope is inserted into a body orifice
Requested is a patient manifest: inflammatory, bowel disease, stomach ulcer, chronic constipation, pancreatitis, gallstones, blood in urine
Endoscopy
Provides real-time visualization of processes using the fluoroscope
Determining the cost of a healthy feel like heart for intestinal disease
Guide procedures like orthopedic surgery, injections and implants
Types of fluoroscopies include: fluoroscopic enteroclysis (evaluates small intestine), barium swallow (evaluates esophagus), fluoroscopic defecography (evaluates rectum), fluoroscopic IVP (evaluates urinary tract), etc.
Fluoroscopy
