module 1 Flashcards
system of knowledge of the natural world gained through scientific method
science
it is the practical applications of what we know about nature
technology
group of people with common territory, interaction, norm, culture, etc
society
Modern science is a discovery
as well as an invention
John Heilbron, 2003
process of scientific inquiry
- observation
- question
- hypothesis
- experiment
- data/analysis
- conclude
What defines a technological tool-one historical definition-is something that takes a human’s sense or ability and augments it and makes it more powerful. So, for example, I wear contact lenses or glasses; that is a technology that enhances my human ability of vision and makes it better.
Mark Zuckerberg, 2014
- the sum total of our interactions as humans, including the interactions that we engage in to figure things out and to make things
- group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations
society
THE ROLES/IMPACTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
- The effect of science on society is neither entirely beneficial nor entirely detrimental
- engine of growth
- influences society and vice versa
- have the power to better the lives of poor people in developing countries
- alters the way people live, connect, communicate and transact, with profound effects on economic development
- study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture
- a relatively recent discipline, originating in the 60s and 70s following Kuhn’s ________________
- result of a “sociological turn” in science studies
- The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)
STS
goals of STS
- confront realities
- spread awareness
- reflect knowledge
- environmental awareness
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF ST (outline)
5
- ancient ages
- middle ages
- modern ages
- PH pre-spanish to post commonwealth
- present
⮚ Transportation and navigation
⮚ Communication and Record keeping
⮚ Mass production
⮚ Security and Protection
⮚ Health and aesthetics
⮚ Engineering
⮚ Architecture
ANCIENT TIMES
ancient time civilizations
- sumerian
- babylonian
- egyptian
- greek
- roman
- chinese
- cuneiform
- uruk city
- great ziggurat of ur
- irrigation and dikes
- sailboat
- wheel
- plow
- roads
sumerian
- ________
- wedge: triangular shaped
- Writing system
- keep records
- The Epic of Gilgamesh - ________
* 1ST true city
* Architectural work made of clay, mud, sun-baked bricks
* Symbol of power - ________
* Mountain of God
* Platforms of solid core mud brick
* Dedicated to moon god Nanna - ________
* Solved problems of flooding, water scarcity, farming, harvesting, food production - ________
* Transportation of goods - ________
* Farm work and food processes
* Mass production
* Rice mill - ________
* Dig ground
* Cultivate land for increased crop production - ________
* First roads
* For easier transportation
- cuneiform
- uruk city
- great ziggurat of ur
- irrigation and dikes
- sailboat
- wheel
- plow
- roads
SUMERIAN
- founded by amorites
- hanging gardens
- code of hammurabi
- religion
babylonian
- ________
* Layers upon layers of gardens
* Several species of plants - ________
* An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth
* Sets of laws on religion, agriculture, administration - ________
* Polytheists
* Gods & Goddesses – birth, sorrows, suffering, happiness, death
- the hanging garden
- code of hammurabi
- religion
BABYLONIAN
- pyramids
- mummification
- papyrus
- ink
- hieroglyphics
- cosmetics
- wig
- clepsydra
egyptian
- ________
* Tombs for pharaohs and queens
* Smooth angles symbolized rays of the sun - ________
* Long journey after life on earth - ________
* Safe-keeping of records that were often destroyed by raiders - ________
* Soot with different chemicals
* Record history, culture and codified laws - ________
* Holy writing
* Walls of pyramids
* Record of Egyptian’s history and culture - ________
* Health and aesthetics
* Kohl-soot & galena
* Makeup protections, holiness - ________
* protection against sunrays, lice - ________
* Water clock
* Gravity that affects flow of water from vessel to another
- pyramids
- mummification
- papyrus
- ink
- hieroglyphics
- cosmetics
- wig
- clepsydra
EGYPTIAN
- alarm clock
- water mill
- odometer
- olympics
- geometry
- medicine
- hippocratic oath
- experiments
greek
- ________
* Use of water or pebbles/sand that dropped into drums which creates sound - ________
* Agricultural processes - ________
* Measures distance - ________
* Religious festival in honor of Zeus - ________
* Geometric facts for deductive reasoning - ________
* Symptoms of pneumonia, epilepsy, etc. - ________
* Hippocrates - Father of Medicine - ________
* Human body
- alarm clock
- water mill
- odometer
- olympics
- geometry
- medicine
- hippocratic oath
- experiments
- newspaper
- codex
- architecture
- numerals
- julian calendar
- aeolipile
- catapult
- air conditioner
roman
- ________
* Acta diurna
* Gazzettes
* Government information - ________
* Bound books covered with wax then replaced with animal skin - ________
* Cathedrals, basilicas, coliseums, aqueducts, amphitheaters, houses - ________
* Roman numerals - ________
* Republican calendar - ________
* Precursor of steam engine
* Aka Hero’s engine - ________
* Medieval artillery for hurling stones, missiles
* weapon - ________
* Water from aqueducts circulated through walls to cool houses
- newspaper
- codex
- architecture
- numerals
- julian calendar
- aeolipile
- catapult
- air conditioner
ROMAN
- silk
- tea
- great wall of china
- gun powder
chinese
- ________
* Silk trade-exchange of culture, knowledge, goods - ________
* Wheel-based machine that shreds tea leaves intro strips - ________
* Control boarders of China
* Made with stone, brick, wood, etc. - ________
* Alchemist
* Charcoal, sulfur, potassium nitrate
* Weapon
* Fireworks
- silk
- tea
- great wall of china
- gun powder
CHINESE
⮚Between the fall of roman empire and beginning of renaissance
⮚Marked by massive invasions and migrations
⮚Wars were prevalent
⮚Weaponry, navigation, mass food production, farm production, health
MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
- _____________
- Galileo Galilei - Father of modern Science
- Astronomy
- Hans Lippershey
telescope
- printing press
- microscope
- telescope
- war weapons
medieval/middle ages
- _____________
- Wooden machine that extracted juices from fruits
- Metal impressions create exact copy
- Johan Guttenberg
printing press
- _____________
- For observation of small organisms
- Guided by principles used in eyeglasses
- Zacharias Janssen
microscope
- Offense & defense
- Cross bow, long bow
- Body armors
war weapons
1.
* ___________
* Heat to motion
- ___________
- Heat processing liquids/foods to kill bacteria
- ___________
- Invented kerosene from refining
1.
- James Watt
steam engine
2.
- Louis Pasteur
pasteurization
3.
- Samuel M. Kier
oil refinery
⮚ Industrialization
⮚ Increase in population
⮚ Demands more goods, faster transportation, more effective communication, developments in health and education
⮚ Transition to new manufacturing processes from 1760 to 1840
MODERN AGES/INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- steam engine
- pasteurization
- oil refinery
- telephone
- mechanical calculator
- electricity
- car
- airplane
modern ages/industrial revolution
- ___________
- communication
- ___________
- Easier arithmetic calculation
6.
* ___________
* Forces in friction
* Benjamin Franklin experimentations in electricity
4.
- Alexander Graham Bell
telephone
5.
- Blaise Pascal
mechanical calculator
6.
- William Gilbert
electricity
7.
* ___________
* T-car model
- airplane
- Henry Ford
car
- Henry Ford
- Orville & Wilbur Wright
⮚ vulnerable to natural disasters
philippine inventions
- kampilan
- baybayin
- erythromycin
- salamander amphibious tricycle
- salt lamp
- medical incubator
- mosquito ovicidal/larvicidal trap system
- e-jeepney
philippine inventions
- ________
* Filipino sword
* Used by Datus and Sultans as symbol of power, wealth, status - ________
* Indigenous scripts of pre-colonial Phils - ________
* Dr. Abelardo Aguilar
* antibiotic - ________
* Dominic Chung
* Lamberto Armada - ________
* Sustainable Alternative Lighting Lamp
* _______ - ________
* Dr. Fe Del Mundo
* Native laundry basket inside bigger one
* Hot water bottles inserted in between for warmth - ________
* DOST - ________
* Uses electricity instead of diesel
- kampilan
- baybayin
- erythromycin
- salamander amphibious tricycle
- salt lamp
- aisa mijeno - medical incubator
- mosquito ovicidal/larvicidal trap system
- e-jeepney
cradles of early science
MESOAMERICA
- maya
- inca
- aztec
ASIA
- india
- china
- middle east
AFRICA
- Advanced understanding of astronomy into their temples and religious structures
- Predicting eclipses
- Astrological cycles in planting and harvesting
- El Castillo pyramid
- Chichen Itza situated at the location of the Sun during the spring and fall equinoxes
- 2 complicated calendar system:
tzolk’in: 260
haab: 365 - Religion rituals and cultural celebrations
mesoamerica-maya
- Hydraulics system with sophisticated waterways for water supply
- Weaving looms
- Glittery paints made from a mica
- hieroglyphic complex, unique signs or glyphs in the form of humans, animals, supernaturals, objects, and abstract designs
mesoamerica-maya
- Suspension bridges
- Quipu: Knotted ropes to
keep records - Textile
- Inti, Sun God; Themes in metallurgy
- Roads paved with stone
- Stone buildings which are disaster-proof
- Irrigation system
- Calendar with 12 months
mesoamerica-incan
- Mandatory education
- Chocolates
- Antispasmodic medication
- Chinampa
- calendar
- Canoe
- Mosaic masks made of turquoise, obsidian, and green or black stone
- weapons
mesoamerica-aztec
- Known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works
- ayurveda
- Astronomy
- Mathematics
- _________: Standard measurement of length
- Mohendojaro Ruler
ASIA-INDIA
- Aryabhata
- ________: Place value system Approximation of π Trigonometry
- ________: defined the properties of the number zero, both as a placeholder and a decimal digit
- ________: mathematical analysis
- Aryabhatiya
- Brahmagupta
- Madhava
ASIA-INDIA
- Acupuncture
- Compass
- Heavenly bodies and lunar calendars
- Papermaking
ASIA-CHINA
- __________: Father of Optics
**Intromission Theory of Light - __________:
** Algorithm in mathematics **Algebra from al-jabr - __________: Father of Chemistry
- __________:
** Experimental medicine
** Clinical trial
** Contagious nature of infectious diseases
** Pharmacology
- Hasan Ibn al-Haytham
- Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
- Jabir ibn Hayyan
- Ibn Sina
ASIA-MIDDLE EAST
- Geometry
Lebombo Bone - Alchemy
Human anatomy
Pharmacology
Medicine - Astronomy
Calendar
Solar, lunar, stellar - Metallurgy
Iron technology
AFRICA
