Module 1 Flashcards
Is one that has some ability: to evaluate the actions of others in relation to itself and third parties, to remember some of its own actions and consequences, to assess risk, to have some feelings and to have some degree of awareness.
A sentient being ( Broom, 2006)
“that is, feelings that matter of individual”
Sentience by Webster (2011)
“consciousness of feelings”, i.e. This is painful/pleasant
Sentience by Mendl & Paul (2004)
not the same as ____ - _________ — ‘I feel pain/pleasure’
Self-consciousness
Probably all vertebrates, some invertebrates (squid, octopus, and possible some crustaceans)
Sentient animals (Mellor et al., 2009)
Is the capacity to experience suffering and pleasure
Sentience
means that animals can feel pain and suffer and experience positive emotions
Animal Sentience
It is based on decades of scientific evidence from neuroscience, behavioral sciences and cognitive ethology
Animal Sentience
According to…….. Studies have shown that many animals can experience complex emotions like grief and empathy
Douglas-Hamilton et al., Langford et al., (2006)
It implies a level of conscious awareness
Sentience
To ______, an animal must be sentient
Suffer
One or more bad feelings continuing for more than a short period (Broom & Fraser, 2007)
Suffering
Using a “human-based” assessment may be a useful first step. Must be qualified with scientific evidence and information to meet and treat the individual animals’ needs.
Anthropomorphism
Which sentient animals are vet concerned about?
Domesticated and captive wild species
It concerns the quality of an animal’s life, not how long the life last
Welfare
High mortality rates are indicative of poor welfare
Death
Not a part of animal welfare, but the manner of it is, because it can be a source of suffering
Death
Although highly criticized, it can be helpful but not enough on its own
Anthropomorphism
Animal welfare — Complex concept with three areas of concern:
functioning well? feeling well? and is it able to perform natural/species-typical behaviors that are thought to be important to them?
Three approaches when considering animal welfare
Physical, Mental, and Aspects of Naturalness
________ of an animal is its state as regards its attempts to cope with its environment
Welfare (Broom, 1986)
According to ____________ he suggest that an animal is in a poor state of welfare only when its physiological systems are disturbed to the point that survival or reproduction are impaired.”
McGlone, 1993
A “human-based” assessment
Anthropomorphism
Neither health nor lack of stress nor fitness is necessary and/or sufficient to conclude that an animal has good welfare. Welfare is dependent upon what animals feel
Mental
Feelings have adaptive value
Mental
Escape immediate harm
Negative
Promote long-term benefit — animals stay in situations that promote those feelings
Positive
In principle, we disapprove of a degree of confinement of an animal which necessarily frustrates most of the major activities which makes up its __________ ___________
Natural Behavior (Brambell Committee, 1965)
Not only will welfare mean control of pain and suffering, it will also entail nurturing and fulfilment of the animal’s nature, which I call telos
Natural Behavior (Rollin, 1993)
Telos means
Purpose
Means how an animal is coping with the condition which it lives
Animal Welfare
What are the 5 Freedoms?
*Hunger and thirst,
*Discomfort,
*Pain, Injury, and Disease
*Express normal behaviour
*Fear and Distress
Animal welfare is a complex _________
Concept
He advocated for virtuous treatment of animals
Jeremy Bentham
Philosophy of non-injury to all living beings.
Ahimsa
Species at risk of extinction, needing protection.
Endangered species
Belief in oneness causing distress from animal suffering.
Confucianism
Ecological philosophy promoting wildlife conservation.
Bishnoi Tribe
We are similar to animals so we should eat them
Phytagoras
Animals arent rational, therefore we dont need to worry about whether we are treating them fairly
Stoic
Animals may not be rational, but we should still be kind to them
Plutarch
Animals deserve moral consideration because they can feel distress
Porphyry
_______ forbids causing animal pain
Judaism
________ forbids cruelty to animals
Islam
Takes the lead internationally on animal welfare
World Organisation for Animal Health
Worldwide strategy for expanding interdisciplinary collaborations and communications in all aspects of health care for humans, animals, and evironment.
One Health Initiative
