Legislation and Incentives

Question 1

A law of set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament

Answer 1

Legislation

Question 2

A rule established in the community by authority or custom; a body of such rules

Answer 2

Law

Question 3

The rule or group of rules relevant to a particular topic

Answer 3

Legislation

Question 4

A specific law passed by a legislative body

Answer 4

Statue

Question 5

An act contrary to the law

Answer 5

Offence

Question 6

A person accused of an offense in a court of law

Answer 6

Defendant

Question 7

A person or body bringing an action in a court of law

Answer 7

Plaintiff

Question 8

Apply only to the relevant state where they are passed. This can lead to problems with uniformity throughout the country if state laws differ.

Answer 8

State laws

Question 9

Are laws which apply across the country. These are good, as they set one standard but in diverse countries they can be hard to enact and change as all the individual states/local governments may need to reach agreement to change the law

Answer 9

Federal Laws

Question 10

Are local laws which are created and enforced locally. The presice size of the location they affect will depend on the structure of that country’s administration.

Answer 10

By-Laws

Question 11

These have limited effect due to their geographical boundaries, but are usually much easier to enact due to the fact that agreement from fewer stakeholders is required

Answer 11

By-laws

Question 12

This means the initial document outlining the law

Answer 12

Primary Legislation

Question 13

Used to created federal or state laws. This tend to be developed following repeated debates in the national legislative body.

Answer 13

Primary Legislation

Question 14

Gives more detailed provisions about the subject than those contained within primary legislation.

Answer 14

Secondary Legislation

Question 15

May be a secondary legislation, but this will depend on the terminology used in that country

Answer 15

Regulations

Question 16

are guidelines written specifically for those who need to comply with the legislation.

Answer 16

Guidance and documents and codes of practice

Question 17

is good for that particular animal, the legislation may not specifically
state anything relating to the animal’s welfare. A ‘do not kill’ statement does not need to acknowledge the sentience of that animal.

Answer 17

Protecting species

Question 18

traditionally, laws about animals
have been prohibitive – they decree what you must not do. Banning specific actions involving animals such as fighting (e.g. dog-fighting, bull-fighting,
etc.), fox hunting, using animals in circuses, etc. These are usually positive for animal welfare.

Answer 18

Banning Activities

Question 19

will prevent or punish
the occurrence of certain acts (hitting, kicking, burning, etc.) and the action usually has to cause the animal ‘unnecessary suffering’ for it to be an offence

Answer 19

Prohibiting cruelty

Question 20

setting standards while farming for meat or fur, etc. These are usually
minimum standards that prohibit the very worst conditions which are deemed by many to permit cruelty

Answer 20

Controlling methods of production

Question 21

these laws tend to be prescriptive
(i.e. state what a person must do) and so require positive action for the particular animal, usually specifying minimum
standards of care.

Answer 21

Improving animal welfare

Question 22

this is an example where the inclusion
of animals in legislation can actually be detrimental to animal welfare.

Answer 22

Improving public health

Question 23

some laws are passed regarding
animal health in order to prevent the spread of diseases.

Answer 23

Improving animal health

Question 24

Legislation may not be effective……

Answer 24

IF ANIMALS ARE CLASSED AS PROPERTY IN THE LAW

Question 25

WHY LEGISLATION MAY NOT BE EFFECTIVE?

Answer 25

•Legal status of animals as property
•Sentience may not recognised
•Strict liability offence or intent needed
•Exemptions: religion and culture
•Accepted practice
•Wording
•Lack of enforcement

Question 26

Knowing the potential difficulties with animal welfare law

Answer 26

A model welfare law

Question 27

Other ways to improve animal welfare

Answer 27

Public Education and Government fund research

Question 28

There should be sufficient penalties in place in line with other similar offences in the country

Answer 28

ADEQUATE CONSEQUENCES OF A MODEL LAW

Question 29

public and some other specialist interest groups understand the issues and may be more willing to support future legislation or higher prices to ensure animals are
protected.

Answer 29

Public education

Question 30

is important in the long term, to
address questions of science, willingness to pay, etc., so that policy reflects the local situations and animals’ needs.

Answer 30

Government-funded research

Question 31

Authority to remove animals during legal proceedings.

Answer 31

Animal Seizure power

Question 32

Classification of legislation as primary or secondary.

Answer 32

Legal Status

Question 33

Treaties governing trade and animal welfare standards.

Answer 33

International Agreements

Question 34

Authority responsible for creating and passing laws.

Answer 34

Legislative Body

Question 35

National laws governing animal welfare practices.

Answer 35

Domestic Legislation

Question 36

Intentional action to cause harm to animals.

Answer 36

Deliberate Intent

Question 37

Guilt established without proving intent.

Answer 37

Strict Liability Offence

Question 38

Alterations in legislation affecting original meaning.

Answer 38

Wording Compromises

Question 39

International body regulating trade agreements.

Answer 39

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Question 40

Legal term for ‘guilty mind’ or intent.

Answer 40

Mens Rea