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Philosophy > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Studies all things and the first causes or the highest principles of all things.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

The meaning of greek word “PhiloS”

A

“To love”

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3
Q

The meaning of greek word “Sophia”

A

“Knowledge”

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4
Q

An organized, systematic body of knowledge, follows and employs certain steps and procedures

A

Science

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5
Q

Uses the philosopher’s natural capacity to think or human reason
Study of all things
Makes philosophy different from other sciences
Multidimensional or holistic

A

Natural Light of Reason

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6
Q

Enumerate the four first cause/highest principles

A

Principle of Identity
Principle of Noncontradiction
Principle of excluded middle
Principle of Sufficient reason

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7
Q

Whatever is, is. Whatever is not, is not.

A

Principle of Identity

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8
Q

It is impossible for something to and not be at the same time.

A

Principle of Noncontradiction

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9
Q

Something either is, or is not - there is no middle ground.

A

Principle of Excluded Middle

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10
Q

Everything has a reason for its existence, everyone has a reason for their own actions and decisions. Nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being and existence.

A

Principle of Sufficient Reason.

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11
Q

Enumerate the five branches of Philosophy,

A

Metaphysics
Ethics
Epistemology
Logic
Aesthetics

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12
Q

What exists; a necessary drive in every human being to know what is real.
Trying to explain what we see (appearance), if it is true or not (reality).

A

Metaphysics

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13
Q

Claims that everything we experience is water (reality), and everything else is “appearance”.

A

Thales

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14
Q

Claims that nothing we experience in the world with our five senses is real. Everything is just a form of its higher existence.

A

Plato

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15
Q

Explores the nature of moral virtue, evaluates human actions.
Insists that obedience to moral law be given a rational foundation.

A

Ethics

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16
Q

Claims that to be happy is to live a virtuous life.

A

Socrates

17
Q

An awakening of the seeds of good deeds that lay dormant in the mind and heart of a person which can be achieved through self-knowledge

A

Virtue

18
Q

Deals with nature, sources, limitations, and the validity of knowledge.
Addresses the reliability, extent, and kinds of knowledge; truth; language, and science/scientific knowledge.

A

Epistemology

19
Q

Forms general ideas through the examination of particular facts, those we have attained from our experiences/senses. Probable.

“My face is clear when I have the ointment in my regime, so I’m assuming it’s the ointment that’s causing my clear skin.”

A

Induction

20
Q

Draws conclusions from general laws or ideas in which they are understood and judged.

“My friend is with a man, who has blonde hair. My friend, alongside everyone in her family, has blonde hair. Therefore, the man must be a relative.”

A

Deduction

21
Q

The truth of an idea must be plausible if its practical usage and consequences work.

“The ballpen is smooth because it writes smoothly, not because people say it is.”

A

Pragmatism

22
Q

Does not provide us more knowledge/is not interested in what we know, but rather the validity and truth of what we know.

A

Logic

23
Q

Who coined the greek term of Logic, “Logike”?

A

Zeno the Stoic

24
Q

Who is the first philosopher to devise a logical method - “truth means the agreement of knowledge with reality”?

Logical reasoning makes us certain that our conclusions are true.

A

Aristotle

25
Q

The science of the beautiful in its various manifestations - the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.

A

Aesthetics

26
Q

The german philosopher who argues that our tastes and judgements regarding beauty work in connection with one’s own personal experience and culture.

A

Hand-Georg Gadamer

Philosophy (5 decks)

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