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MODULE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

refers to practices or procedures that will prevent contamination from pathogenic microorganisms.

A

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

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2
Q

destruction of vegetative pathogens on living (animate) tissue by chemical methods.

A

ANTISEPSIS

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3
Q

destruction of vegetative pathogens on non-living (inanimate) objects by physical or chemical methods.

A

DISINFECTION

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4
Q

is a process to decrease microbial counts to public health levels thereby minimizing the chances of transmitting diseases.

A

SANITATION

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5
Q

Any material containing essential nutrients for the growth and multiplication of bacteria.

A

CULTURE MEDIA

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6
Q

The liquid media used to prepare bacterial culture for growth and cultivation.

A

BROTH

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7
Q

The solidified media used for isolation and preservation of bacteria.

A

AGAR

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8
Q

Culture media and its container must be

A

STERILIZED

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9
Q

The container must be

A

COVERED

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10
Q

is a process of removing or reducing biological agents so they will no longer present a hazard to individuals.

A

DECONTAMINATION

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11
Q

is the process of eliminating, destroying, killing or deactivating all forms of biological agents or microorganisms.

A

STERILIZATION

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12
Q
  • Burning contaminants to ashes
  • Used for inoculating loops
A

FLAMING / RED HEAT

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13
Q
  • Burning to ashes
  • Used for disposal of contaminated dressings, animal carcasses, and paper.
A

INCINERATION

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14
Q
  • Oxidation
  • Used for glass wares, needles, and glass syringes
  • 160 -180ºC for 1 hour to 2 hours
A

HOT AIR OVEN

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15
Q

hot air oven temp

A

160 - 180C

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16
Q

gano katagal nilalagay sa hot air oven

A

1 - 2 hrs

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17
Q
  • Protein denaturation
  • It works using water at 100C for 10 minutes
A

BOILING

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18
Q
  • Protein denaturation
  • Steam pressure
  • 121C for 15-20 min, 15 psi
  • Geobacillus stearothermophilus – bioindicator
A

AUTOCLAVING

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19
Q
  • Protein denaturation
  • Heat treatment for milk, ice-cream or even fruit juices and dairies that kills all pathogens and most nonpathogens.
A

PASTEURIZATION

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20
Q

TEMP & TIME

Batch process or Low Temperature, Holding Time (LTHT)

A

63C
30 mins
vat or large container

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21
Q

TEMP & TIME

Flash method or High temperature short time (HTST)

A

72C
15 secs

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22
Q

TEMP & TIME

Ultra-High Temperature/ Ultra-Heat Treatment (UHT) / Ultra-pasteurization

A

initally exposed to 74-140C then 74C in less than 5 sec

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23
Q

Tyndallization or intermittent sterilization is also known as

A

ARNOLD’S STERILIZER
FRACTIONAL STERILIZATION

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24
Q

It is boiled at 100C for about 15-20 minutes or 1 hour each day for 3 consecutive days.

A

TYNDALLIZATION

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25
Q

This process is used for culture media that can support bacterial growth like those with high sugar content and will not sterilize non-nutritive substances like water.

A

TYNDALLIZATION

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26
Q

is a process used when heating high-protein containing media

A

INSPISSATION

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27
Q

uses cold or low temperatures (4C) in the refrigerator to slow down the growth or reproduction of microorganisms.

A

COLD METHOD

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28
Q

is a process in which a liquid or a gas passes through a series of pores small enough to retain microorganism

A

FILTRATION

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29
Q

FILTRATION

pore size of the filter to effectively separate bacteria

A

0.22 - 0.45 um

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30
Q

FILTRATION

pore size of filter used for viruses

A

20 nm

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31
Q

act by plasmolysis because the cell membrane of the bacteria is semi-permeable. When the bacteria is subjected to high salt or sugar concentration, the cell shrink due to large amount of water that goes out from the cell.

A

OSMOTIC PRESSURE

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32
Q

osmotic pressure is act by

A

PLASMOLYSIS

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33
Q

is a process of removing water from the environment where there is growth of bacteria.

A

DESSICATION or
DRYING or
DEHYDRATION

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34
Q
  • Another method of desiccation
  • this is when the sample is subjected to rapidly freezing environment under vacuum so that water is removed by sublimation.
A

FREEZE-DRYING or
LYOPHILIZATION

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35
Q

in three forms can be used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganism by disrupting the biological structure of organism.

A

RADIATION

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36
Q

like x-rays, gamma rays or electron beam requires longer contact time because of shorter wavelength of less than 1 nanometer. It can be used to sterilize pharmaceuticals and medical supplies that are disposable but the disadvantage is that it causes gene or DNA mutation and produce peroxide.

A

IONIZING RADIATION

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37
Q

has longer wavelength of 1-380 nanometer. It can be used to sterilize or disinfect operating rooms, nurseries or cafeterias, that can damage DNA by producing glycine dimers responsible for gene mutation.

A

NON IONIZING RADIATION or ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

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38
Q

utilize a wavelength from 1 millimeter to 1 meter. The heat in the microwave absorb water that may kill bacterial endospores or vegetative cells in moist food.

A

MICROWAVE RADIATION

39
Q

It refers to the increase in the cell number rather than in terms of cell size

A

MICROBIAL GROWTH

40
Q

It is the process of propagating microorganisms by providing proper environmental conditions and nutrients

A

CULTIVATION

41
Q

complex growth requirements

A

FASTIDIOUS

42
Q

basic nutritional requirements

A

NON FASTIDIOUS

43
Q

Any material containing essential nutrients for the growth and multiplication of bacteria.

A

CULTURE MEDIA

44
Q

A culture media that contains no agar or gelatin.
ex. Nutrient Broth (NB), Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB), Lactose Broth (LB)

45
Q

A culture media that contains 0.3 to 0.5% agar.
ex. Sulfide Indole Medium (SIM) & Fletcher’s semi solid medium

46
Q

A culture media that contains agar, gelatin or albumin.

47
Q

a complex polysaccharide derived from a marine alga; concentration is 1.5-3%.

48
Q

used as diagnostic medium that solidifies at 25C and has a concentration of 10-15%

49
Q

a substance that coagulates upon heating

50
Q

it contains ingredients which are chemically identified and whose exact concentration is known.

A

SYNTHETIC CULTURE MEDIUM

52
Q

a nutrient material whose exact chemical composition is not known.

A

COMPLEX CULTURE MEDIUM

53
Q

it contains living cell and are used in viral cultivation.

A

TISSUE CULTURE

54
Q

Used for the cultivation of various non-fastidious microorganisms such as different bacteria and fungi.
Ex: NA and NB

A

GENERAL PURPOSE MEDIUM

55
Q

Contains various nutrients added to the base medium. Nutrients added
may include blood, serum, and ascitic fluid as additional supplement
Ex: Blood agar, chocolate agar, Loeffler’s serum

A

ENRICHED MEDIUM

56
Q

contains hemoglobin and blood

A

CHOCOLATE AGAR

57
Q

a mixture of nutrient agar and 5% sheep’s blood for hemolytic microorganisms

A

BLOOD AGAR

58
Q

Contains chemicals that favor the survival or growth of a particular group of organisms and inhibiting the growth of others.
Examples: Alkaline Peptone Water (Vibrio), Selenite F broth and Tetra Thionate Broth (Salmonella and Shigella).

A

ENRICHMENT MEDIUM

59
Q

Distinguishing of colonies of desired microbes from others

Ex:
* Mac Conkey Agar (MCA)
* Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
* Blood Agar
* Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

A

DIFFERENTIAL CULTURE MEDIUM

60
Q

Contains substances that inhibit the growth of one type of microorganism while promoting the growth of others

Examples:
* Blood Potassium Tellurite Agar (BPTA)
* Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)
* Baird-Parker Medium
* Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)
* Bismuth Sulfide Agar (BSA)

A

SELECTIVE MEDIUM

61
Q

For identification of diphtheria characterized by the production of tellurium (black pigment)

A

TELLURITE MEDIA

62
Q

for Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

LOEFFLER’S SERUM MEDIA

63
Q

For fungi

A

SABORAUD’S DEXTORSE AGAR (DSA)

64
Q

A modified chocolate agar selective for Neisseria gonnorheae.

A

THAYER MARTIN’S AGAR

65
Q

Semisynthetic CM containing egg yolk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

LOWENSTEIN-JENSEN AGAR

66
Q

COLOR OF COLONIES

bacterium does not ferment lactose or sucrose

67
Q

COLOR OF COLONIES

due to the low pH which is caused by the production of acid during fermentation of lactose and/or sucrose.

68
Q

Used in various biochemical tests such carbohydrate fermentation, amino acid deamination, and decarboxylation

Examples:
* Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI)
* Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA)
* Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)
* Phenylalanine Agar (PA)

A

BIOCHEMICAL MEDIUM

69
Q

It is used to differentiate between organisms that produce large amounts of acid and organisms that only produce neutral content (acetoin)

A

METHYL RED VOGUES PROSKAUER

70
Q

Tests for the ability of bacteria to convert citrate into oxaloacetate.

A

SIMMON CITRATE AGAR

71
Q

Used to study either stimulation or inhibition of growth in response to a substance (vitamins/antibiotics) present in the sample.

Examples:
Mueller Hinton Agar – antibiotic sensitivity assay

A

ASSAY MEDIUM

72
Q

A culture medium can be:

A

PLATED
TUBED

73
Q

it is a process of implanting microbes or infectious materials onto culture media.

A

INOCULATION

74
Q

inoculation by streaking

A

PLATED MEDIA

75
Q

TUBED MEDIUM

stabbing

76
Q

TUBED MEDIUM

streaking

76
Q

TUBED MEDIUM

stabbing – streaking

A

BUTT SLANT

77
Q

TUBED MEDIUM

shaking off the specimen

78
Q

It refers to the growth of cells of the same species in the laboratory.

A

PURE CULTURE

79
Q

The visible mass of growth, representing a single organism that has multiplied several times.

80
Q

BIOMEDICAL WASTE BAGS

infectious wastes, bandage, gauzes, cotton, or any other objects in contact with body fluids, human body parts or placenta

81
Q

BIOMEDICAL WASTE BAGS

plastic waste such as catheters, injection syringes, tubing, or plastic bottles

82
Q

BIOMEDICAL WASTE BAGS

all types of glass bottles and broken glass articles, outdated and discarded medicines

A

BLUE/WHITE

83
Q

BIOMEDICAL WASTE BAGS

needles without syringes, blades, sharps, and all metal articles

84
Q

benzalkonium chloride

85
Q

Phenols

86
Q

Vaccines

A

8 CONSECUTIVE DAYS

87
Q

Mercury, Silver nitrate, Selenium sulfide

A

HEAVY METALS

88
Q

alkylation of protein and dna

89
Q

Criteria that must be considered when choosing chemical agents

A

PRICE OF DISINFECTANT

90
Q

introduced the practice of handwashing with chlorinated lime solution while working in a obstetrical clinic

A

IGNAZ PHILIPP SEMMELWEIS

91
Q

the single most important and most basic technique in preventing and controlling infections and preventing transmission of pathogens.

A

HANDWASHING

92
Q

occurs when there is an imbalance on the body’s response to chemicals thus triggers changes that might damage any organs in our body.

93
Q

substances applied to tissues of the body to stop the growth or kill microorganisms to prevent infection.

A

ANTISEPTICS

MICROPARA LAB (3 decks)

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