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MICROPARA LAB > M2 PART1 > Flashcards

M2 PART1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • uses vaseline jelly
  • longer observation of specimen
  • doesnt dry out easily
A

HANGING DROP TEST

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2
Q
  • uses light
  • non viable (killed MO, except virus)
  • stained
  • arrangement, shape, and size
A

BRIGHT FIELD

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3
Q
  • opauqe dark condenser
  • unstained MO on dark background
  • live, motility of cells
A

DARK FIELD

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4
Q
  • annular diaphragm
  • unstained, contrasted structures
  • internal structures, live eukaryotes
  • two shades of gray/black
A

PHASE CONTRAST

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5
Q
  • shorter wavelength
  • 0.2 um
  • 100 - 2,00,000
  • alternating light and dark areas contrasting internal cell structures
  • ultrathin slices of MO
  • electron microscope
A

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

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6
Q
  • 10 - 20,000
  • surfaces and textures of MO and cell components
  • microbial surfaces
  • thin coat
A

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

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7
Q
  • UV light
  • outline of MO coated with flourescent-tagged antibodies
A

FLOURESCENCE

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8
Q

A process of artificially coloring microorganisms with dyes in order to facilitate their study under the microscope.

A

STAINING

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9
Q

it is an organic compound consisting of benzene rings.

A

DYES

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10
Q

The best bacterial stains are

A

ANILINE DYE

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11
Q
  • positively-charged
  • stains negatively charged
  • ✓Examples: Crystal violet, safranin, methylene blue and malachite green
A

BASIC DYE

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12
Q
  • negatively-charged
  • stains basic/positively charged
  • ✓Nigrosine, congo red, eosin and acid fuchsin
A

ACIDIC DYE

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13
Q
  • combines basic & acidic
  • methylene & eosin
A

NEUTRAL DYE

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14
Q

A thin film of material containing the MO is spread over the slide

A

SMEAR

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15
Q

The process of fixing MO or killing the MO and attaching them to the slide

A

FIXATION

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16
Q

Ways of fixation

A

✓Heat-fixing
✓Air-drying
✓Chemical fixation

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17
Q

Why is it important to fix the MO to the slides?

A

so it will not be washed away
for penetration

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18
Q
  • A staining procedure that uses two or more dye
  • A type of staining that reacts differently with different MO
    PURPOSE:
    ✓ To contrast two or more organisms which maybe of the same or different species.
A

DIFERENTIAL STAINING

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19
Q

differential stain (GRAM STAIN) that was developed by ____ in 1884

A

HANS CHRISTIAN GRAM

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20
Q

It classifies bacteria as Gram + and Gram –

A

GRAM STAIN

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21
Q

GRAM STAIN

Primary stain

A

CRYSTAL VIOLET

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22
Q

GRAM STAIN

MORDANT

A

gram’s iodine

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23
Q

GRAM STAIN

DECOLORIZER

A

alcohol

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24
Q

GRAM STAIN

COUNTERSTAIN

A

Safranin

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25
Q

GRAM STAIN

STEPS

1-8

A
  1. Prepare
  2. Primary stain - Crystal Violet
  3. Mordant - Gram’s iodine
  4. Rinse - distilled water
  5. Decolorize - ethyl alcohol 95%
  6. Rinse
  7. Counterstain - Safranin
  8. Rinse, Dry, Observe
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26
Q

GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE

thick peptidoglycan

A

GRAM POSITIVE

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27
Q

GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE

thin peptidoglycan

A

GRAM NEGATIVE

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28
Q

GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE

90% peptidoglycan

A

GRAM POSITIVE

29
Q

GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE

5 - 10% peptidoglycan

A

GRAM NEGATIVE

30
Q

GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE

Teichoic acids

A

GRAM POSITIVE

31
Q

GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE

NO teichoic acids

A

GRAM NEGATIVE

32
Q

GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE

not many polysaccharides

A

GRAM POSITIVE

33
Q

GRAM POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE

outer membrance has lipids, polysaccharide

A

GRAM NEGATIVE

34
Q

GRAM STAINING

blue or purple color

A

GRAM POSITIVE

35
Q

GRAM STAINING

pink or red in color

A

GRAM NEGATIVE

36
Q

The Gram stain should be performed on a fresh ____ hour culture

A

18 - 24hour

37
Q

GRAM STAIN

If the smear is not ____ or ____, or if the staining procedure is not performed correctly, the
cells will appear Gram-variable

A

thinly or evenly made

38
Q

Which step is the most crucial or most likely to cause poor results in the Gram stain? and why?

A

decolorization

39
Q

gram negative will look like postive

A

under decolorization

40
Q

Bacteria that cannot be seen by Gram staining

Thick lipid layer containing mycolic acid

A

MYOBACTERIUM

41
Q

Bacteria that cannot be seen by Gram staining

Atypical cell wall

A

MYCOPLASMA

42
Q
  • A differential stain developed by Franz Ziehl and Friedrich Neelsen.
  • Binds strongly only to bacteria that have a WAXY material in their cell walls.
  • It classifies the bacteria from acid-fast to non-acid fast.
A

ACID FAST STAIN

43
Q

acid fast stain is developed by

A

FRANZ ZEIHL
FRIEDRICH NEELSEN

44
Q

ACID FAST STAINING REAGENTS

PRIMARY STAIN

A

CARBOLFUCHSIN

45
Q

ACID FAST STAINING REAGENTS

MORDANT

A

HEAT

46
Q

ACID FAST STAINING REAGENTS

DECOLORIZER

A

ACID-ALCOHOL

47
Q

ACID FAST STAINING REAGENTS

SECONDARY STAIN

A

METHYLENE BLUE

48
Q

ACID FAST STAINING

STEPS

A
  1. Primary stain - Carbolfuchsin
  2. Mordant - heat
  3. Decolorizer - Acid alcohol
  4. Counterstain/Secondary stain - Methylene blue
49
Q

ACID FAST microorganisms

A

MYOACTERIUM
NOCARDIA

50
Q

ACID FAST MO

has large amount of lipids

A

MYOBACTERIUM

51
Q

ACID FAST MO

partially acid fast

A

NOCARDIA

52
Q
  • “Indirect staining”
  • Preparing colorless bacteria against a colored background
  • Reagent: Nigrosine or India Pink
A

NEGATIVE STAINING

53
Q

NEGATIVE STAINING reagent

A

Nigrosine
India Pink

54
Q

Staining procedure used to color, isolate, identify and study specific parts or structures of MO

A

SPECIAL STAINING

55
Q

SPECIAL STAINING

A

✓Flagella Staining
✓Spore staining
✓Capsule staining

56
Q

ENDOSPORE staining is also called

A

Schaeffer-Fulton Endospore stain

57
Q

special resistant, dormant structure formed within a cell that PROTECTS a bacterium from adverse ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

A

ENDOSPORE

58
Q

ENDOSPORE STAINING REAGENTS

PRIMARY STAIN

A

Malachite green

59
Q

ENDOSPORE STAINING REAGENTS

DECOLORIZER

A

ACID ALCOHOL

60
Q

ENDOSPORE STAINING REAGENTS

SECONDARY STAIN

A

SAFRANIN

61
Q

ENDOSPORE STAINING

identifies what organisms

A

BACILLUS
CLOSTRIDIUM

62
Q

ENDOSPORE STAINING

spores may be located

A

terminal
central
subterminal

63
Q

CAPSULE staining is also called

A

WELCH METHOD

64
Q

A staining technique that stains the bacteria and the background leaving the capsule unstained

A

CAPSULE STAINING

65
Q

CAPSULE STAINING REAGENTS

PRIMARY STAIN

A

CONGO RED / NIGROSIN

66
Q

CAPSULE STAINING REAGENTS

MILD DECOLORIZER

A

COPPER SULFATE

67
Q

CAPSULE STAINING

identifies what organisms

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Cryptococcus neoformans

68
Q

capsule is ____

A

non ionic

MICROPARA LAB (3 decks)

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