Module 1 Flashcards
branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity.
Genetics
when people started to domesticate animals and cultivate crops.
10,000 - 8,000 BCE
suggested that the physical characteristics of organisms are stored in the male semen
Aristotle
proposed the Theory of Pangenesis in 1868
Charles Darwin
states that each part of the body continually emitted its own type of small organic particles called gemmules
Theory of Pangenesis
Father of Modern Genetics.
Gregor Mendel
what is “Pisum Sativum”
pea plant
discovered chromosomes in plant cells in 1842
Karl Wilhelm von Nagelli
described chromosomes using salamander in 1879.
Walther Fleming
he was the first to detail the chromosomal movements in the process of mitosis
Walther Fleming
identified the “nuclein” by isolating a molecule from a cell nucleus that would later become known as DNA
Friedrich Miescher
coined the word “genetics” for the first time.
William Bateson
who worked with william bateson to make significant findings on genetic linkage?
reginald punnet
what is “Drosophila Melanogaster”
fruit fly
did the same experiment as Mendel’s using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Elucidated the role of DNA as the mediator of heredity in their experiment on the bacterium Pneumococci
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod
Confirmed the Avery, et al. experiment thru their bacteriophage labelling experiments
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
who used X-ray diffraction to deduce the overall structure of DNA
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkens
they proposed the double helix structure of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick
what does PCR stand for
Polymerase Chain Reaction
who developed PCR
Fred Sanger
who was the first ever cloned animal from an adult somatic cell
Dolly the Sheep
When was dolly the sheep born
1996
when was the Drosophila genome completed
2000
who was the first pet to be cloned
CC the cat
when was CC the cat born
2001
It is the world’s biggest biological collaborative research project that aimed to map the base pairs in the human DNA.
Human Genome Project
when was the Human Genome Project completed
2003
what does HGP stand for
Human Genome Project
branch of genetics that studies the function of the cell, specifically chromosomes, in the process of inheritance.
Cytogenetics
Refers to the routine analysis of chromosomes at the metaphase stage
Karyotyping
What are the 2 stains in karyotyping mentioned in the module
Giemsa and Lieshman
what are the nucleotid basis in G-bands
Adenine and Thymine
what are the transverse bands in chromosomes
G-bands
also known as ideogram
karyogram
what does FISH stand for
Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization
Uses fluorescent probes that attaches to specific areas in the chromosome
FISH
Used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences
FISH
remains the gold standard in determining any abnormalities in the fetus
cytogenetics
Makes use of a DNA microarray or DNA chip which is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.
DNA microarray analysis
For diagnosis of heritable germline genetic abnormalities in children, adults, pregnancy, and fetal loss
Constitutional Cytogenetics
what tissue is studied in constitutional cytogenetics in adolescent, adult sexual development and fertility
peripheral blood
what does cfDNA stand for
cell-free DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
what does AMA stand for
Advanced maternal age
generally ≥ 35 yrs
Advanced maternal age
what tissues are studies in Prenatal Development
Amniotic fluid, chorionic villus sampling, fetal tissues
For detection of acquired or somatic genetic abnormalities for the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and/or monitoring of many types of
cancer, especially those of hematologic type.
Cancer Cytogenetics
what tissues are studied in ares of oncology
Bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes, solid tumor, pleural fluid, spinal fluid
latin for pea plant
pisum satuvum
latin for pea plant
pisum sativum
small organic particles that aggregate in the gonads (theory of pangenesis)
gemmules
