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Cytogenetics (2024-2025) > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity.

A

Genetics

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2
Q

when people started to domesticate animals and cultivate crops.

A

10,000 - 8,000 BCE

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3
Q

suggested that the physical characteristics of organisms are stored in the male semen

A

Aristotle

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4
Q

proposed the Theory of Pangenesis in 1868

A

Charles Darwin

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5
Q

states that each part of the body continually emitted its own type of small organic particles called gemmules

A

Theory of Pangenesis

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6
Q

Father of Modern Genetics.

A

Gregor Mendel

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7
Q

what is “Pisum Sativum”

A

pea plant

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8
Q

discovered chromosomes in plant cells in 1842

A

Karl Wilhelm von Nagelli

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9
Q

described chromosomes using salamander in 1879.

A

Walther Fleming

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10
Q

he was the first to detail the chromosomal movements in the process of mitosis

A

Walther Fleming

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11
Q

identified the “nuclein” by isolating a molecule from a cell nucleus that would later become known as DNA

A

Friedrich Miescher

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12
Q

coined the word “genetics” for the first time.

A

William Bateson

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13
Q

who worked with william bateson to make significant findings on genetic linkage?

A

reginald punnet

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14
Q

what is “Drosophila Melanogaster”

A

fruit fly

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15
Q

did the same experiment as Mendel’s using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

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16
Q

Elucidated the role of DNA as the mediator of heredity in their experiment on the bacterium Pneumococci

A

Avery, McCarty, MacLeod

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17
Q

Confirmed the Avery, et al. experiment thru their bacteriophage labelling experiments

A

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

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18
Q

who used X-ray diffraction to deduce the overall structure of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkens

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19
Q

they proposed the double helix structure of DNA

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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20
Q

what does PCR stand for

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

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21
Q

who developed PCR

A

Fred Sanger

22
Q

who was the first ever cloned animal from an adult somatic cell

A

Dolly the Sheep

23
Q

When was dolly the sheep born

A

1996

24
Q

when was the Drosophila genome completed

A

2000

25
Q

who was the first pet to be cloned

A

CC the cat

26
Q

when was CC the cat born

A

2001

27
Q

It is the world’s biggest biological collaborative research project that aimed to map the base pairs in the human DNA.

A

Human Genome Project

28
Q

when was the Human Genome Project completed

A

2003

29
Q

what does HGP stand for

A

Human Genome Project

30
Q

branch of genetics that studies the function of the cell, specifically chromosomes, in the process of inheritance.

A

Cytogenetics

31
Q

Refers to the routine analysis of chromosomes at the metaphase stage

A

Karyotyping

32
Q

What are the 2 stains in karyotyping mentioned in the module

A

Giemsa and Lieshman

33
Q

what are the nucleotid basis in G-bands

A

Adenine and Thymine

34
Q

what are the transverse bands in chromosomes

A

G-bands

35
Q

also known as ideogram

A

karyogram

36
Q

what does FISH stand for

A

Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

37
Q

Uses fluorescent probes that attaches to specific areas in the chromosome

A

FISH

38
Q

Used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences

A

FISH

39
Q

remains the gold standard in determining any abnormalities in the fetus

A

cytogenetics

40
Q

Makes use of a DNA microarray or DNA chip which is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.

A

DNA microarray analysis

41
Q

For diagnosis of heritable germline genetic abnormalities in children, adults, pregnancy, and fetal loss

A

Constitutional Cytogenetics

42
Q

what tissue is studied in constitutional cytogenetics in adolescent, adult sexual development and fertility

A

peripheral blood

43
Q

what does cfDNA stand for

A

cell-free DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

44
Q

what does AMA stand for

A

Advanced maternal age

45
Q

generally ≥ 35 yrs

A

Advanced maternal age

46
Q

what tissues are studies in Prenatal Development

A

Amniotic fluid, chorionic villus sampling, fetal tissues

47
Q

For detection of acquired or somatic genetic abnormalities for the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and/or monitoring of many types of
cancer, especially those of hematologic type.

A

Cancer Cytogenetics

48
Q

what tissues are studied in ares of oncology

A

Bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes, solid tumor, pleural fluid, spinal fluid

49
Q

latin for pea plant

A

pisum satuvum

50
Q

latin for pea plant

A

pisum sativum

51
Q

small organic particles that aggregate in the gonads (theory of pangenesis)

A

gemmules

Cytogenetics (2024-2025) (3 decks)

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