module 1 Flashcards
study of food and how the body makes use of it.
nutrition
it deals with the processes of receiving and utilizing it for the growth and renewal of the body and for the maintenance of the different body functions.
nutrition
function pf nutrition
to maintain life by allowing an individual to grow and be in a state of optimum health.
to maintain life by allowing an individual to grow and be in a state of optimum health.
basic function pf nutrition
give at least three reasons why nutritional science is applied to nursing care
The recognition of the role of nutrition in preventing diseases or illnesses
The concern for adapting food patterns of individuals to their nutritional needs within the framework of their cultural, economic, and psychological situations and styles; and
The awareness of the need in specified disease states to modify nutritional factors for therapeutic purpose.
The recognition of the role of nutrition in preventing ___________
The concern for _________ of individuals to their nutritional needs within the framework of their _____, ______, and _______ situations and ______; and
The _____ of the need in specified disease states to modify ________for therapeutic purpose.
The recognition of the role of nutrition in preventing diseases or illnesses;
The concern for adapting food patterns of individuals to their nutritional needs within the framework of their cultural, economic, and psychological situations and styles; and
The awareness of the need in specified disease states to modify nutritional factors for therapeutic purpose.
are chemical substances found in food to provide heat and energy, to build up and repair body tissues, and to regulate body processes.
nutrients
nutrients are ____ substances found in food to provide ____ and ____, to ___ up and ____ body _____, and to ___ body processes.
are chemical substances found in food to provide heat and energy, to build up and repair body tissues, and to regulate body processes.
four classifications of nutrients
function
chemical properties
essentiality
concentration
those that form tissues in the body are called…
body building nutrients
those that furnish heat and energy are
fcp
fats
carbohydrates
proteins
nutrients are either ___ or ____
organic or inorganic
nutrients are classified based on their significant contribution to the body’s _______
physiological functioning
nutrients found only in food.
essential nutrients
any substance, organic or inorganic, when ingested or eaten nourishes the body, builds and repairs body tissues, supplies heat and energy and regulates body processes.
food
is the breakdown of food in the body in preparation for absorption
digestion
is the condition of the body resulting from the utilization of essential nutrients.
nutritional status
range of states with physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social components.
health
a state of good health with optimal body function (requires good nutrition).
wellness
the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions.
health literacy
a difference in health outcomes among subgroups often link to social, economic or environmental disadvantages.
health disparities
T OR F: Adequate nutrition is essential to good health.
T
The nutrients in our body are in ______
dynamic equilibrium
T OR F: Dietary intake & nutrient need should be individualized.
T
T OR F: Nutrient content in food is variable, whatever is present in the natural food should be conserved by scientific preparation and service.
T
T OR F: Human requirements for nutrients are known for some & have to be determined as yet
for others.
T
An ________ is the foundation of good nutrition and it should consist of a wide
variety of foods.
Adequate diet
The physiological functions of food are attributed to the _______
roles of the nutrients
______ is brought about by a faulty diet and/or by conditioning factors like heredity, infections, ingestion of certain drugs and parasitism.
Malnutrition
T OR F: Nutrition education, abundant food supply, and the use of various resources are needed to improve nutritional status of a population.
T
T OR F: The study of nutrition is interrelated with allied arts and sciences.
T
What are the different types of evaluation in assessing an individual’s nutritional status
Evaluation of Nutriture
1. Dietary Survey
2. Physical or Instrumental Methods
3. Medical History
4. Clinical Examination
5. Biochemical Tests
_______ is the process of breaking down food into substances like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins that aid in the body in its different functions.
Digestion
where does digestion occur?
digestive tract
list the parts of human digestive system for:
1. GIT
2. Accessory organs
I. Digestive Tract/Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)
Mouth
Throat/Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine Large Intestine/Colon
Rectum
Anus
II. Accessory Organs
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
______ is the chemical process of transforming food into complex tissue elements and of
transforming complex body substances into simple ones, along with the production of _____and _____
Metabolism
- heat
- energy
what are the 2 categories of metabolism
- catabolism
- anabolism
______ the breakdown of molecules to obtain energy
Catabolism -
______ the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cells.
- Anabolism -
- is the unit of measurement for the energy that the bod
Calorie
the unit of energy commonly used in human nutrition
kilogram calorie (kcal) -
1000 small calories = _____ kilocalorie or calorie
1
T OR F: Calories are eaten.
F - They are by-products of carbohydrates, protein, and fats that
are oxidized in the body.
______ kilocalorie is the amount of energy required to raise
the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by _____ degree Celsius
One
1
- Fuel factor of carbohydrates = ______ calories per gram
- Fuel factor of protein = _____ calories per gram
- Fuel factor of fats = ____ calories per gram
4
4
9
measures the total calorie content (total energy) available
from food
Bomb calorimeter -
the measure of energy in the metric system
Joule -
1 calorie (kilocalorie) = ______ joule (kilojoules)
4.184
_______ also known as the required energy expenditure (REE)
Basal metabolism,
________ is the measure of energy needed by the body at rest for all its internal chemical activities which is approximately ______ calorie per kg of body weight per hour for an adult.
- required energy expenditure (REE),
- 1
required energy expenditure (REE) is the minimum amount
of energy needed in a _______
fasting state
REE indicates the amount of energy needed to fuction the life processes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- respiration
- cellular metabolism,
- circulation
- glandular activity,
- maintenance of body temperature
_______ is the rate of basal metabolism in a given person at a given
time and situation. It constitutes _______ of the calorie requirements of an individual.
- Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).
- 1/2
what are the different types in calculating BMR
1-4
- rule of thumb
- harris-benedict formula
- biologic body weight raised to the 3/4 power
- WHO/FAU/UNU
what are the factor affecting basal metabolic rate
- Surface area
- Sex
- Age
- Body composition
- State of nutrition
- Sleep
- Endocrine glands
- Fever
what are the formulas used when computing the DBW (desirable body weight)
- ador dionisio’s method
- tanhauser’s method
Calorie requirements depend on the type and amount of ______
exercise.
T OR F: The more vigorous the physical work, the greater the calorie cost
T
The kind of physical activity and the amount of time spent determine the amount of ______ the body uses.
energy
what category when a person is mostly resting with little or no activity?
bed rest (10-20%)
what category when the person is cooking, washing dishes, ironing, welding, standing at work, rapid typing
light activity (50-60%)
how about a person that is doing heavy scrubbing, hand washing, walking fast, bowling, golfing, heavy gardening
heavy/ severely active (90-110%)
what category where they are only reading, writing, eating, watching TV , office work, sitting at work
sedentary (30%)
what category is where they are mopping, scrubbing, sweeping, gardening, carpentry, walking fast, standing at work, with moderate arm movement, sitting at work with vigorous arm movement
moderately active (60-70%)
