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NCM 105: Nutrition & Diet > M1: Classification of Nutrients > Flashcards

M1: Classification of Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of the macronutrients?

A

-carbohydrates
- fat
- proteins

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2
Q

it is a 1 unit sugar or the simplest form of CHO (carbohydrates)

A

monosaccharide

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3
Q

what are the 3 sugars that is monosaccharide (GFG)

A
  • glucose
  • fructose
  • galactose
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4
Q

principal form in which carbohydrate is used by the body

A

glucose

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5
Q

abundant in fruits, sweet corn, and corn syrup

A

glucose

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6
Q

is mainly created in
the body from starch digestion and stored by the lover and muscle cells

A

glucose

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7
Q

the only simple sugar that can provide energy for the brain, other nerve cells, and developing red
blood cells.

A

glucose

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8
Q

the sweetest of simple sugar

A

fructose

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9
Q

found in honey, most fruits, and some vegetables

A

fructose

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10
Q

a simple sugar that can be converted into glucose in the body

A

fructose

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11
Q

not found in foods but produced from lactose (milk sugar) by digestion and is converted into glucose in the body

A

galactose

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12
Q

a 2 sugar unit

A

disaccharide

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13
Q

what are the sugars under disaccharide (SLM)

A
  • sucrose
  • lactose
  • maltose
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14
Q

ordinary table sugar-granulated, powdered or brown

A

sucrose

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15
Q

processed from cane and beet sugar

A

sucrose

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16
Q

composed of glucose and fructose.

A

sucrose

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17
Q

found in milk and milk products except cheese

A

lactose

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18
Q

converted into glucose and galactose in
digestion and is less soluble and less sweet than sucrose

A

lactose

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19
Q

remain in the intestine longer than other sugars and encourages the growth of certain useful bacteria

A

Lactose

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20
Q

a 2 unit sugar that can not be found free in foods

A

maltose

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21
Q

occurs in malt products and in germinating
cereals

A

maltose

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22
Q

can be found in certain infant formulas, beer, and malt beverage products

A

maltose

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23
Q

less sweet compared to glucose and sucrose

A

maltose

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24
Q

3-10 sugar units

A

oligosaccharide

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25
Q

it is more complex and up to 10,000 sugar units

A

polysaccharide

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26
Q

what are the sugars under polysaccharide (SDCPG)

A

-starch
- dextrin
- cellulose
- pectin
- glycogen

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27
Q

the most significant polysaccharide in human nutrition

A

Starch

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28
Q

major food sources include cereal grains,
potatoes and other root vegetables, and legumes

A

starch

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29
Q

more converted entirely into glucose upon
digestion

A

starch

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30
Q

more complex than sugars; and requires a longer time to digest, supplying energy over a longer period of time

A

starch

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31
Q

are not found free in foods and are formed as intermediate products in the
breakdown of starch

A

dextrin

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32
Q

forms the framework of plants found in unrefined grains, vegetables, and fruits. It is non- digestible by humans

A

cellulose

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33
Q

no specific enzyme is present and provides
important bulk in the diet which **helps move digestive food ** mass along and stimulates peristalsis

A

cellulose

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34
Q

main sources are stems and leaves of vegetables,
seed and grain coverings, skins, and hulls

A

cellulose

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35
Q

_____ are structural parts of plants which are non-digestible because digestive enzymes are unable to break them down

A

fibers

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36
Q

what are the 2 classification under cellulose

A
  • soluble
  • insoluble
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37
Q

found in fruits and legumes, barleys,
and oats which delay gastrointestinal transit and glucose absorption, and lower blood cholesterol

A

cellulose soluble

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38
Q

found in wheat bran, corn brans, whole grain bead, cereals, and vegetables which
accelerate gastrointestinal transit, increase fecal weight, slow down starch hydrolysis, and delay
glucose absorption

A

cellulose insoluble

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39
Q

are non-digestible, colloidal polysaccharides having a gel quality

A

pectin

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40
Q

sources include mostly fruits and are often used as base for jellies

A

pectin

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41
Q

are used to treat diarrhea as they absorb toxins and bacteria in the intestine.

A

pectin

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42
Q

are formed from glucose and stored in liver and muscle tissues

A

glycogen

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43
Q

food sources include mainly meats and sea foods

A

glycogen

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44
Q

what are sugars are considered digestible

A
  • starch
  • dextrin
  • glycogen or animals strach
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45
Q

what are sugars are considered partially digestible

A
  • inulin: onion, garlic
  • mannosans: legumes
  • pentosans: fruits
46
Q

carbohydrates goes through a process called?

A
  • glycogen
  • glycogenesis
  • glycogenolysis
47
Q

what is the normal concentration of sugar in the blood and what do you call this.

A
  • 90-120 mg/100ml of blood
  • normoglycemia
48
Q

the only hormone that decreases blood sugar

A
  • insulin
49
Q

what are the hormones that INCREASES blood sugar level (GSGT)

A
  • glucagon
  • steroid hormone
  • growth hormone & ACTH
    -T4
50
Q

its function is to serve as a major source of energy for the body.

A

carbohydrates

51
Q

its function is necessary for fat metabolism and it aids in normal
elimination.

A

carbohydrates

52
Q

its function It supplies significant quantities of proteins, minerals, and B vitamins.

A

carbohydrates

53
Q

function of _____ which encourages the growth of bacteria, resulting in a laxative
action

A

carbohydrates

54
Q

For the maintenance of
the functional integrity
of the nerve tissue and
it is the sole source of
energy for the brain.

A

carbohydrates

55
Q

what are the EFFECTS of carbohydrates to our body

A
  • low metabolic rate = weight gain
  • heart disease
  • cancer
  • high blood sugar
56
Q

simple fats or sometimes called NEUTRAL FATS

A

Triglycerides

57
Q

Most common type of lipid found in the body & foods

A

triglycerides

58
Q

______ & ____ in foods are mostly in the form of triglycerides

A

Fats, oils

59
Q

are combination of fats with other components.

A

compound lipids

60
Q

they are important part of the cell membrane structure

A

phospholipids

61
Q

serve as emulsifiers (allow fat & water to mix by breaking fat globules into small droplets) to
keep fats dispersed in body fluid;

A

phospholipids

62
Q

an emulsifier that is most widely distributed and carries fat & cholesterol away from plaque deposits in the arteries.

A

lecithin

63
Q

an emulsifier that is needed to form thromboplastin for the blood-clotting process

A

cephalin

64
Q

are found in the brain and other nerve tissues as components of
myelin sheath

A

sphingomyelin

65
Q

are compounds of fatty acids combined with carbohydrates and
nitrogenous bases

A

glycolipids

66
Q

They are lipids combined with proteins. They are insoluble in water and are combined in protein complex for their transport and activity in aqueous medium. They contain cholesterol, neutral fat, and fatty acids.

A

lipoprotein

67
Q

also known as bad cholesterol as they carry cholesterol throughout the body.

A

LDL- low density lipoprotein

68
Q

it is the “good cholesterol” since they remove cholesterol from the cell and bring it to liver for disposal

A

HDL - high density lipoprotein

69
Q
  • are simple derivatives from fat digestion
A

derived lipids

70
Q

what are the categories of derived lipids

A
  • fatty acids
  • glycerol
  • steroids
71
Q

are key refined fuel forms of fat that the cell burns for energy. They are the basic structural units of fat and may be saturated or unsaturated in nature.

A

fatty acids

72
Q

are those into which no hydrogen can be added.

A

saturated fats

73
Q

are those in which two of the carbon atoms
are joined by a double bond. example for this is?

A

MUFA- monounsaturated fatty acid
ex: oleic acid

74
Q
  • are those in which two or more double bonds
    are present. example for this is?
A

PUFA -polyunsaturated fatty acids
ex: linoleic and omega 3

75
Q
A
76
Q

What mineral that
3. Promotes blood coagulation
4. Acts as membrane stabilizer
5. Required in nerve transmission and regulation
of heart beat

A

Calcium

77
Q

What mineral that
Combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate, the hard material of the bones and teeth
2. Participates in muscular contraction and relaxation

A

Calcium

78
Q

What mineral does this food source belong to: fish where bones are eaten - sardines

A

Calcium

79
Q

What mineral that
Essential in the transfer of energy
2. Essential in cellular metabolism
3. Regulates blood phosphorous level

A

Magnesium

80
Q

What mineral that
4. Promotes conduction of nerve impulses; allows
normal muscle contraction
5. Increase stability of calcium in the tooth enamel

A

Magnesium

81
Q

These are food source from?
Nuts, soybeans , meat, milk, cocoa, seafoods, whole grains, dried beans, peas, green plants

A

Magnesium

82
Q

What mineral that
1. Maintains fluid balance
2. Maintains acid-base balance

A

Sodium

83
Q

What mineral that
3. Allows passage of glucose through the cell wall; maintains normal muscle irritability and excitability

A

Sodium

84
Q

These are food sources of?

Carrots, celery, beets, soy sauce, catsup, spinach, peas, fish sauce, processed foods,
! Preservatives and additives
! Canned foods

A

Sodium

85
Q

What mineral that
1. Maintains fluid & electrolyte balance
2. Exerts influence upon acid base balance; plays
a role in the activity of the skeletal and cardiac
muscles

A

Potassium

86
Q

What mineral that
3. Acts as muscle relaxant in contrast to calcium
4. Important in CHO & CHON metabolism

A

Potassium

87
Q

These are food sources of?

Meat, legumes, milk, raw and dried fruits, fruit juice, dark green vegetables, unrefined cereals

A

Potassium

88
Q

What mineral that
1. A component of bones and teeth
2. Important in pH regulation

A

Phosphorus

89
Q

These are food sources of ?

cheese, milk, dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dried beans

A

Phosphorus

90
Q

What mineral that
1. Maintains protein structure
2. Activates enzymes
3. Detoxification

A

Sulfur

91
Q

What mineral that
Maintains fluid & electrolyte and acid-base balance
2. Contributes to the stomach acidity

A

Chlorine

92
Q

The main food source of this mineral is Table salt (NaCl)

A

Chlorine

93
Q

What mineral that is
1. Carrier of oxygen needed for cellular respiration
2. Necessary for hemoglobin formation

A

Iron

94
Q

These are food sources of?

Organ meats - liver
! Green leafy vegetables
! Enriched rice, rice bran ! Beans, nuts
! Egg, clams

A

Iron

95
Q

What mineral that is
- Essential in the formation of hemoglobin
- Promotes absorption of iron from the GIT
- Maintains the integrity of the myelin sheath

A

Copper

96
Q

These are food sources of?

! Organ meats, shellfish, nuts, cocoa
! Leafy vegetables, mushroom, whole grain, cereals
! Eggs, beans, peas

A

Copper

97
Q

What mineral that is Needed for the production of thyroid hormone

A

Iodine

98
Q

This mineral’s food sources is Seafoods, seaweeds, iodized salt

A

Iodine

99
Q

What mineral that Increases storage of thiamine

A

Manganese

100
Q

These are food sources of?

! Nuts, whole-grain cereals, dried legumes, tea
! Green leafy vegetables , dried fruits, fresh fruits, non-leafy vegetables

A

Manganese

101
Q
  1. Constituent of vitamin B12
  2. Necessary for RBC formation
A

Ciobalt

102
Q

Food sources of?

! Liver, lean beef, veal
! oysters, clams, saltwater fish
! Milk

A

Cobalt

103
Q

What mineral that is

  1. Present in the RNA
  2. Enhances wound healing and helps maintain
    a normal sense of taste
A

Zinc

104
Q

Food sources of ?
! Milk
! Meat, liver,
! Oyster, eggs
! nuts, legumes, whole-grain cereals, wheat, bran

A

Zinc

105
Q

What mineral that is
- Present inbound as an integral part of various enzymes

Food sources:
! Dried peas, beans
! Lean metas, poultry

A

Molybdenum

106
Q

What mineral that
1. Forms a stable compound in the dentine and enamel of the teeth, reducing dental caries and minimizing bone loss
2. Effective in the treatment of osteoporosis

A

Fluorine

107
Q

Food sources of?
! Water - major source
! Small amounts: fruits, vegetables, cereals
! Rich amounts: seafoods, tea leaves
! Fluoridated salt/milk

A

Fluorine

108
Q

What mineral that

  1. Reduces or prevents the effects of vitamin E deficiency
A

Selenium

109
Q

Food sources of

Organ and muscle meats ! Cereals
! Dairy products

A

Selenium

110
Q

What mineral that

  1. Increases low fasting blood glucose and improves faulty uptake of sugar by body tissues
  2. Stimulates synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol in the liver
A

Chromium

111
Q

What mineral that is

  1. Involved in the appetite crystal formation of tooth enamel
A

Vanadium

112
Q

What mineral that is

  1. Involved in the appetite crystal formation of tooth enamel
A

Vanadium

NCM 105: Nutrition & Diet (3 decks)

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