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CIC Certification > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

Section A: Factors Influencing Likelihood of Disease Presence

1
Q

A person who has one or more defects in the body’s normal defense mechanisms that predispose him or her to infections, often life-threatening, that would otherwise not occur.

Section A: Factors Influencing Likelihood of
Disease Presence

A

Immunocompromised person

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2
Q

Pathogens able to cause infection and disease.

Section A: Factors Influencing Likelihood of
Disease Presence

A

True pathogens

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3
Q

Organisms that tend to become pathogenic only when an individual has some level of immunosuppression.

Section A: Factors Influencing Likelihood of
Disease Presence

A

Opportunistic organisms

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4
Q

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public
and private communities, and individuals. (CMS)

Section A: Factors Influencing Likelihood of
Disease Presence

A

Public health

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5
Q

Free-living, single-celled organisms that multiply through chromosomal replication and cellular division.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Chemical substances that surround cells.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Glycocalyx

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7
Q

An organized glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell wall.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Capsule

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8
Q

An unorganized glycocalyx that is loosely attached to the cell wall.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Slime layer

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9
Q

The measure of a microbe’s ability to invade and create disease in a host, determined by characteristics that relate to the favored site of invasion, disease induction,
and avoidance of host resistance.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Virulence

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10
Q

Bacteria in which the cell wall consists of many layers of peptidoglycan, forming a thick rigid structure.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Gram-positive bacteria

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11
Q

Bacteria in which the cell walls contain only one (or very few) layers of peptidoglycan.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Gram-negative bacteria

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12
Q

Toxins that are secreted by bacteria, mainly those that are Gram-positive.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Exotoxins

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13
Q

Surface components (complexes of bacterial proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides remaining firmly in the bacteria) of Gram-negative bacteria.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Endotoxins

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14
Q

Cell structures composed of nuclear material and protein that enable bacteria to survive extreme conditions.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Endospores

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15
Q

Attached, architecturally defined, three-dimensional environments that may contain either single or multiple species of microorganisms.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Biofilms

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16
Q

Bacteria that have an absolute requirement for oxygen; without it, they do not grow.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Aerobic bacteria

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17
Q

Bacteria that can use oxygen if it is present but can grow without it.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Facultative anaerobes

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18
Q

Bacteria that grow only in the complete or nearly complete absence of oxygen and are inhibited or killed by oxygen.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Obligate anaerobes

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19
Q

Bacteria that require 2 to 10% of the normal atmospheric concentration (21%); may also require increased carbon dioxide concentrations.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Microaerophilic bacteria

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20
Q

Bacteria that typically are found in the gastrointestinal tract.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Enteric bacteria

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21
Q

Bacteria that typically are found outside the gastrointestinal tract; are frequently opportunistic and found in the environment (e.g., soil and water).

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Non-enteric bacteria

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22
Q

Obligate intracellular parasites that require living host cells to grow and reproduce and are dependent on the cells’ synthetic and metabolic machinery.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Viruses

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23
Q

Intact viral particles made up of nucleic acid (either RNA or DNA), a protein coat (capsid), and possibly an envelope composed of viral proteins and host cell lipids.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Virions

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24
Q

Infectious particles of abnormally folded proteins that do not contain DNA or RNA.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Prions

25
Q

A term that refers generically to all members of the kingdom fungi.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Fungus

26
Q

Infections or diseases caused by fungi.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Mycosis

27
Q

Unicellular, round to oval organisms ranging in size from 2 to 60 millimeters.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Yeasts

28
Q

Usually reproduce by elongation and fragmentation of their hyphae (or pseudohyphae), which are tube-like projections; they produce fluffy, cottony, wooly, or powdery colonies.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Molds

29
Q

An organism that lives on or within another organism and obtains an advantage at the expense of the host.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Parasite

30
Q

The entry into and multiplication of an infectious agent in the tissues of the host and tissue damage resulting in apparent or unapparent changes in the host.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Infection

31
Q

The period of time from exposure to some infectious source to the development of signs and symptoms.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Incubation period

32
Q

The time from exposure to the beginning of the infectious period.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Latent period

33
Q

The presence of microorganisms in or on a host with growth and multiplication but without causing any symptoms or disease.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Colonization

34
Q

The proportion of other patients or residents colonized within a defined population or area.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and Responding to Disease

A

Colonization pressure

35
Q

The presence of an infectious agent on a body surface or inanimate object.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Contamination

36
Q

Contamination that occurs during the manufacturing process or transport to the healthcare facility.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Intrinsic contamination

37
Q

Contamination that occurs subsequent to manufacturing, during preparation, storage, or administration within the healthcare facility.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Extrinsic contamination

38
Q

Increases in positive cultures of the same organism (clusters) that occur with no evidence of disease.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Pseudo-outbreaks

39
Q

Microbes that normally live in and on the body without causing infection or disease to the host.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Normal flora

40
Q

Normal flora that are always present on the skin and throughout the body, including the body’s colonizing bacteria.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Resident flora

41
Q

Normal flora that colonize the skin and mucosa temporarily, without invading tissues.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Transient flora

42
Q

Any substance identified by the human immune system as “other” or “foreign,” usually taking the form of a molecule originating from a bacterium or other invader.

Section B: Detecting, Identifying, and
Responding to Disease

A

Antigen

43
Q

The presence of bacteria in the urine.

Section C: Commonly Encountered Organisms

A

Bacteriuria

44
Q

Organisms that develop resistance to multiple antimicrobials, especially those that are traditionally used for treatment.

Section C: Commonly Encountered Organisms

A

Multiple-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs)

45
Q

A laboratory technique used to grow (cultivate) bacteria and yeast.

Section D: Clinical Testing

A

Culture

46
Q

Describes whether an identified organism is able to be treated successfully using a given antimicrobial.

Section D: Clinical Testing

A

Susceptibility

47
Q

A report that summarizes typical patterns of susceptibility to antibiotics by specific species of bacteria.

Section D: Clinical Testing

A

Antibiogram

48
Q

A substance, such as an antibiotic, that kills or stops the growth of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, or viruses; grouped according to the microbes they act
against (antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals). (CDC)

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Antimicrobial

49
Q

A type of antimicrobial that is synthesized by a living microorganism, usually a fungus.

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Antibiotic

50
Q

The lowest concentration of a drug that can inhibit microbial growth in vitro (in the lab).

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

51
Q

The time it takes for the body to metabolize half of a drug.

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Half life

52
Q

Practices dedicated to improving and optimizing antimicrobial selection, dosage, and duration while minimizing resident harm.

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Antimicrobial stewardship

53
Q

Programs that optimize the selection, dosage, and duration of antimicrobial treatment to produce the best clinical outcome with minimal toxicity to the resident.

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs)

54
Q

Involves administering an antimicrobial to a patient before definitive information about a causative pathogen is available, typically because the results of
the culture are pending.

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Empiric therapy

55
Q

In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, level at which a drug is likely to be effective for the treatment of infection using a standard dosage.

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Susceptible

56
Q

In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, level at which a drug is likely to be effective only at body sites where it is physiologically concentrated or at other body sites if higher-than-usual dosing regimens are used.

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Intermediate-susceptible

57
Q

In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, level at which a drug is unlikely to be effective for the treatment of infection unless predictably toxic dosages are used.

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Resistant

58
Q

Coordinated guidance and interventions to improve appropriate use of microbiological diagnostics to guide therapeutic decisions; should promote appropriate, timely diagnostic testing, including specimen collection, and pathogen identification and accurate, timely reporting of results to guide patient treatment.
(WHO)

Section E: Antimicrobial Stewardship

A

Diagnostic stewardship

CIC Certification (7 decks)

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