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ANTH 213 > module 1 > Flashcards

module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what counts as Human remains

A

what remains after someone kicks the bucket, can also include bio things human loses during life, but for the most part in western anth most people dont use this def i believe

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2
Q

arch in renaissance 1700s

A
  • humans believed to be most “perfect” → @ same time ppl realized humans have variations
    • racist pseudosci tried to classify living humans in diff races
      • ppl back in the day didnt believe in evol at first, but then realized humans have diff types of morphology aka diff phys characteristics → tried classifying ppl here
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3
Q

period 2 of arch: what r the the foci of 1950s bioarchaeology scope

A
  • quality of life → diet, disease, development, growth
  • behaviour and lifestyle → biomechanics too
    • biomechanics - forces acting on/within body
  • population history → liberation, social organizations
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4
Q

period 3of arch: 1990s

A
  • considered colonialism and ethics
  • national laws
    • recognized marginalized ppls
    • repatriation of remains/artifacts
    • respectful treatment of remains
    • sci approach
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5
Q

“it belongs to the museum” is never a valid exceuse for keeping artifacts from other groups ok

A

ok

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6
Q

absolute dating methods

A
  • paleomagnetism - magnets align with north pole which changes location as the earth spins?
  • amino acid racemization - more and more amino acids will change when you die → counting the number that have changed will let you see how long the thing has been dead for
  • radiometric methods - ratio between unstable to stable state
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7
Q

magnets align with north pole which changes location as the earth spins, abs dating

A

paleomagnetism

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8
Q

more and more amino acids will change when you die → counting the number that have changed will let you see how long the thing has been dead for, abs dating

A

amino acid racemization

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9
Q

ratio between unstable to stable state of substance, abs dating, like c-14, thermoluminescence (when last time it was heated), optical stimulated luminescence (last time of sun), fission track (when uranium changes leaving cracks in ele). destructive method.

A

radiometric method

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10
Q

no exact date, but you do know if it was older/later than a certain time way of dating, like stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, tephrochronology, dendrochronology, fluor accumulation

A

relative dating

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11
Q

deeper it is in the ground, the older it is, rel dating

A

stratigraphy

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12
Q

same as stratigraphy but w ashes, rel dating

A

tephrochronology

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13
Q
  • tree rings tells what happened to the tree
    • close together rings = no waters, rel dating
A

dendrochronology

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14
Q

fluor will go into your body and your bones will accumulate fluor → gives info on how old the bones are, rel dating

A

fluor accumulation

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15
Q

Determining the sex : pelvic

A
  • female = wider bc females can have kids
  • male = narrower
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16
Q

Determining the sex : skull

A
  • female = less prominent glabella, smaller chin, smaller muscle attachments, small mastoid process
    • mastoid process - sharp bone jutting out at base of temporal bones on both sides of the skull
  • male = larger glabella and bigger chin, bigger muscle attachments big mastoid process
17
Q

teeth/dental eruption for immatures age

A

proportion of baby teeth and adult teeth, and wisdom teeth and molars, harder after 15 yrs bc some ppl will never have their third molar

18
Q

epiphyseal fusion stage for immatures age

A

when your bones will fuse → can tell how old someone is

19
Q

using lines on teeth to see how old the dude was, adult teeth only, the more you use teeth, the less enamels there will be

A

cementochronology

20
Q

looking at tooth wear from teeth rubbing on each other to deterine age, adult teeth only

A

dental attrition

21
Q

seeing skull sutures fuse together during adulthood to determine age

A

cranial suture fusion stage

22
Q

auricular surface goes from a little grainy with transverse billows to transverse billows disappearing and surface becoming more coarse and heavily grainy with age, basically it goes from smooth and bumpy to crisp and rocky, ,to determine age. auricular surface is on pelvis

A

auricular surface changes

23
Q

watching pubic symphysis becomes porous as you grow up to determine age

A

pubic symphysis stage

24
Q

studying how sternal ends of ribs go from smooth and level to a wider and deeper pit with age to determine age

A

sternal extremity

25
Q

looking at how osteon replaces bone tissue w age and how teenage bones need more remodeling than kids, to determine age

A

bone microstructure/microbiology

26
Q

what happens after death

A

death -> burying -> excavation -> transport -> storage

27
Q

bio taphonomic factors

A
  • deposition
  • root stain
  • bacterial erosion
28
Q

phys taphonomic factors

A
  • fire burning bones → will become blacker and blacker then white, crack, and morphology changes/gets deformed
  • trampling → looks similar to defleshing
  • weathering stages: cracking → flaking → fibrous texture → rough texture → falling apart
29
Q

chem taphonomic factors

A
  • chem erosion
  • chem modification → bones react chemically to enviro factors
30
Q

animal taphonomic factors

A
  • rodent gnawing
  • carnivore chewing and digestion
  • disarticulation - separating bones from joints bc of animal reasons
    • if small carnivore was found there its either a funerary companion/pet or they were scavenging
31
Q

human taphonomic factors

A
  • funerary process
    • cremation results in fragmented spiky looking things
  • grave disturbance → reusing grave to house another body results in first deposition being pushed down
  • grave robbery
  • excavation
  • analysis and manipulation - when archaeologist impacts bones by accident bc they’re inexperienced
32
Q
A

ANTH 213 (4 decks)

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