module 1: 1.3 Information systems in organizations Flashcards
explain how the organization's structure, value chain, and culture can affect the implementation of information systems, describe changes in business processes, and explain change management
Organization structure - who makes decisions
- traditional (hierarchical)
- project based
- team based
- virtual
what is the organizational culture
expected beliefs, values, and approaches in an organization ( eg. profit-centric or socially responsible focus)
What is the value chain
the string of activities undertaken to produce and add value to the product or service
(eg. ordering raw materials, receiving, warehousing, production, sales and shipping)
What is the impact of an organizational structure on IS
type of decision and structure of decision-making determines types of systems needed
(eg. strategic versus operations; team versus virtual)
- has a greater impact on organization and meeting its goals
- ie reduce the decisions by using middle management making decisions as apposed with higher management (called empowerment, more complex tools needed in middle management)
- different technologies required depending on the organization
what is the impact of an organizational culture on IS
drives specific tools and flexibility needed
- ex if it is a cutting risk taker needs information quickly and more flexible tools
- also how the handle organizational change
What is the impact of a value chain on IS
many system exist for specific value chain activities
(Eg. robotics, inventory tracking, time and billing, communications)
- the actvitities in the value chain drive the types of technology needed to support it
(ie a manufacturing co. may use robotics on its production line)
(ie. telecommunication co that links them to suppliers for jit deliveries)
(public practice, time and billing software and document management systems)
what are some trends that drive change?
- remote workers/ telecommuting (work from home or satellite offices)
- increased automation( robotics, automated workflows)
- use of web-based on-demand tools
- outsourcing
What is outsourcing in IT
hiring an external company to provide IT services
- full or partial
- custom application programming
- offsite storage in the “cloud”
- “software as a Service” (SaaS)
What are the methods of incorporating change
- TQM (Total quality management)
- Continuous improvement
- business process re-engineering (BRP)
Describe TQM
total quality management
- focus on quality of product or service
Describe continuous improvement
focus on ongoing incremental improvements to processes
Describe BRP
business process re-engineering
= radical re-design of all processes and systems
-has potential for fast improvement but comes with higher risk of failure
what is change management
- understand the dynamics of change and how it affects people
(using change models such as lewin-schein’s unfreezing, changing, re-freezing model) - recognize and overcome resistance
- communicate and manage expectations
