Module 1 Flashcards
________ is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles. It is also defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to problem, to validate or test an existing theory.
Research
____ and ________ (____) defined nursing research as a systematic search for and validation of knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession.
Polit and Hungler (1999)
____ and ______ (____) defined it as being concerned with knowledge that directly and indirectly influences clinical practice.
Burns and Grove (1997)
_________ (____) defined nursing research as the systematic, objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to nursing.
Nieswiadomy (2002)
Importance of Nursing Research
-it helps us to prove or disapprove a phenomena that is related to nursing
-It helps us identify and understand the causes and effects of a situation or a phenomenon
-It allows us to validate existing theories or generate new ones.
-evidence that an intervention is the best should exist.
-intervention should be based on research evidence before it can be determined as the optimum one.
-evidence based practice will lead to safe and quality care rendered to patients.
ROLES OF NURSES IN RESEARCH
1.Principal Investigator
2.Member of a Research Team
3.Identifier of Researchable Problems
4.Evaluator of Research Findings
5.User of Research Findings
6.Patient/Client Advocate during Studies
7.Subject in Studies
Evolution of Nursing Research
>during the era of Florence Nightingale, the development of nursing research is ____.
>it is derived from the military tradition and the concept of authority.
>1909, the first university-based nursing program started in the united states
>many of the early nursing studies were made by other disciplines like sociologist and behavioral scientists
>1950, as nurses received their advance education, they conducted research mostly in education rather than in clinical practice
>1970, practice related research expanded rapidly
>mid – 1800, although Florence Nightingale recommended clinical nursing research, her advice were not followed until over 100 years later, some of her recommendations such those concerning environmental health hazards are being conducted today.
slow
Evolution of Nursing Research
>during the era of Florence Nightingale, the development of nursing research is slow
>it is derived from the _____ ______ and the ______ __ ______.
>1909, the first university-based nursing program started in the united states
>many of the early nursing studies were made by other disciplines like sociologist and behavioral scientists
>1950, as nurses received their advance education, they conducted research mostly in education rather than in clinical practice
>1970, practice related research expanded rapidly
>mid – 1800, although Florence Nightingale recommended clinical nursing research, her advice were not followed until over 100 years later, some of her recommendations such those concerning environmental health hazards are being conducted today.
military tradition and the concept of authority
Evolution of Nursing Research
>during the era of Florence Nightingale, the development of nursing research is slow
>it is derived from the military tradition and the concept of authority.
>1909, the first university-based nursing program started in the ____ ____
>many of the early nursing studies were made by other disciplines like sociologist and behavioral scientists
>1950, as nurses received their advance education, they conducted research mostly in education rather than in clinical practice
>1970, practice related research expanded rapidly
>mid – 1800, although Florence Nightingale recommended clinical nursing research, her advice were not followed until over 100 years later, some of her recommendations such those concerning environmental health hazards are being conducted today.
United States
Evolution of Nursing Research
>during the era of Florence Nightingale, the development of nursing research is slow.
>it is derived from the military tradition and the concept of authority.
>1909, the first university-based nursing program started in the united states
>many of the early nursing studies were made by other disciplines like _______ and _______ ________
>1950, as nurses received their advance education, they conducted research mostly in education rather than in clinical practice
>1970, practice related research expanded rapidly
>mid – 1800, although Florence Nightingale recommended clinical nursing research, her advice were not followed until over 100 years later, some of her recommendations such those concerning environmental health hazards are being conducted today.
sociologist and behavioral scientists
Evolution of Nursing Research
>during the era of Florence Nightingale, the development of nursing research is slow.
>it is derived from the military tradition and the concept of authority.
>1909, the first university-based nursing program started in the united states
>many of the early nursing studies were made by other disciplines like sociologist and behavioral scientists
>_____, as nurses received their advance education, they conducted research mostly in education rather than in clinical practice
>1970, practice related research expanded rapidly
>mid – 1800, although Florence Nightingale recommended clinical nursing research, her advice were not followed until over 100 years later, some of her recommendations such those concerning environmental health hazards are being conducted today.
1950
Evolution of Nursing Research
>during the era of Florence Nightingale, the development of nursing research is slow.
>it is derived from the military tradition and the concept of authority.
>1909, the first university-based nursing program started in the united states
>many of the early nursing studies were made by other disciplines like sociologist and behavioral scientists
>1950, as nurses received their advance education, they conducted research mostly in education rather than in clinical practice
>_____, practice related research expanded rapidly
>mid – 1800, although Florence Nightingale recommended clinical nursing research, her advice were not followed until over 100 years later, some of her recommendations such those concerning environmental health hazards are being conducted today.
1970
Evolution of Nursing Research
>during the era of Florence Nightingale, the development of nursing research is slow.
>it is derived from the military tradition and the concept of authority.
>1909, the first university-based nursing program started in the united states
>many of the early nursing studies were made by other disciplines like sociologist and behavioral scientists
>1950, as nurses received their advance education, they conducted research mostly in education rather than in clinical practice
>1970, practice related research expanded rapidly
>mid – 1800, although Florence Nightingale recommended ______ ______ ______, her advice were not followed until over 100 years later, some of her recommendations such those concerning environmental health hazards are being conducted today.
clinical nursing research
is conducted to develop, test, and refine theories and generate new knowledge.
Basic Research
Basic research is also referred to as
Pure Research
is directed toward generating knowledge that can be used in the near future.
Applied Research
it is often conducted to seek solutions to existing problems
Applied research
SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
Personal Experiences
Literature Resources
Existing Theories
Previous Research
Criteria for Writing a Research Problem Statement
1.Written in Interrogative Sentence Form
2.Includes the Population
3.Includes the Variables
Three kinds of variable
1.Univariate study
2.Bivariate study
3. Multivariate study
CRITERIA IN EVALUATING RESEARCH PROBLEM
> Clarity
Written in interrogative form/statement form
Variable and population inclusion/setting
Testability
Ethical consideration
Feasibility
Significance of study
Steps in Quantitative Research
1.
2.
3.Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
4.Identify the study assumptions
5.Acknowledge the limitation of the study
6.Formulate the hypothesis or research question
7.Define study variables /terms
8.Select the research design
9.Identify the population
10.Select the sample
11. Conduct a pilot study
12. Collect the data
13. Organize the data for analysis
14. Analyze the data
15.. Interpret the findings
16. Communicate the findings
17. Utilize the findings
1.Identify the problem
2.Determine the purpose of the study
Steps in Quantitative Research
1.Identify the problem
2.Determine the purpose of the study
3.Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
4.Identify the study assumptions
5.Acknowledge the limitation of the study
6.Formulate the hypothesis or research question
7.Define study variables /terms
8.Select the research design
9.Identify the population
10.Select the sample
11. Conduct a pilot study
12. Collect the data
13. Organize the data for analysis
14. Analyze the data
15.. Interpret the findings
16. Communicate the findings
17. Utilize the findings
Steps in Quantitative Research
1.Identify the problem
2.Determine the purpose of the study
3.
4.
5.Acknowledge the limitation of the study
6.Formulate the hypothesis or research question
7.Define study variables /terms
8.Select the research design
9.Identify the population
10.Select the sample
11. Conduct a pilot study
12. Collect the data
13. Organize the data for analysis
14. Analyze the data
15.. Interpret the findings
16. Communicate the findings
17. Utilize the findings
3.Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
4.Identify the study assumptions
Steps in Quantitative Research
1.Identify the problem
2.Determine the purpose of the study
3.Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
4.Identify the study assumptions
5.
6.
7.Define study variables /terms
8.Select the research design
9.Identify the population
10.Select the sample
11. Conduct a pilot study
12. Collect the data
13. Organize the data for analysis
14. Analyze the data
15.. Interpret the findings
16. Communicate the findings
17. Utilize the findings
5.Acknowledge the limitation of the study
6.Formulate the hypothesis or research
Steps in Quantitative Research
1.Identify the problem
2.Determine the purpose of the study
3.Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
4.Identify the study assumptions
5.Acknowledge the limitation of the study
6.Formulate the hypothesis or research question
7.
8.
9.Identify the population
10.Select the sample
11. Conduct a pilot study
12. Collect the data
13. Organize the data for analysis
14. Analyze the data
15.. Interpret the findings
16. Communicate the findings
17. Utilize the findings
7.Define study variables /terms
8.Select the research design
Steps in Quantitative Research
1.Identify the problem
2.Determine the purpose of the study
3.Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
4.Identify the study assumptions
5.Acknowledge the limitation of the study
6.Formulate the hypothesis or research question
7.Define study variables /terms
8.Select the research design
9.
10.
11. Conduct a pilot study
12. Collect the data
13. Organize the data for analysis
14. Analyze the data
15.. Interpret the findings
16. Communicate the findings
17. Utilize the findings
9.Identify the population
10.Select the sample
Steps in Quantitative Research
1.Identify the problem
2.Determine the purpose of the study
3.Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
4.Identify the study assumptions
5.Acknowledge the limitation of the study
6.Formulate the hypothesis or research question
7.Define study variables /terms
8.Select the research design
9.Identify the population
10.Select the sample
11.
12.
13. Organize the data for analysis
14. Analyze the data
15.. Interpret the findings
16. Communicate the findings
17. Utilize the findings
- Conduct a pilot study
- Collect the data
Steps in Quantitative Research
1.Identify the problem
2.Determine the purpose of the study
3.Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
4.Identify the study assumptions
5.Acknowledge the limitation of the study
6.Formulate the hypothesis or research question
7.Define study variables /terms
8.Select the research design
9.Identify the population
10.Select the sample
11. Conduct a pilot study
12. Collect the data
13.
14.
15.. Interpret the findings
16. Communicate the findings
17. Utilize the findings
13.Organize the data for analysis
14. Analyze the data
Steps in Quantitative Research
1.Identify the problem
2.Determine the purpose of the study
3.Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
4.Identify the study assumptions
5.Acknowledge the limitation of the study
6.Formulate the hypothesis or research question
7.Define study variables /terms
8.Select the research design
9.Identify the population
10.Select the sample
11. Conduct a pilot study
12. Collect the data
13. Organize the data for analysis
14. Analyze the data
15.
16.
17.
15.. Interpret the findings
16. Communicate the findings
17. Utilize the findings
is a characteristic or attribute that differs among the persons, objects, events, and so forth, that are being studied (e.g., age, blood type, self-esteem, quality care, etc.)
Variable
The “effect”; a response or behavior that is influenced by the independent variable; sometimes called the criterion variable.
Dependent variable
The “cause”; or the variable thought to influence the dependent variable; in experimental research it is the variable manipulated by the researcher
Independent variable
– a research study in which only one variable is examined
Univariate study
a research study in which the relationship between two variables is examined.
Bivariate study
a research study in which more than two variables are examined
Multivariate study
