Module 1 Flashcards
List the swansons theories of caring
Knowing being with doing for enabling maintaining belief
Describe swanson’s theory of caring (knowing)
- Knowing is about centring in on the person being cared for, it’s about using efforts to understand the meaning of the experience the client/patient is going through. -it’s about emphasizing the uniqueness of each person using communication as a way of knowing as you cannot truly know.
- Actively listening
Describe Swanson’s theory of caring
Being with
- Being with means be emotionally present to client/patient.
- Engaging with the other.
- It’s not about you it’s all about them
Describes swansons theory of caring
Doing for
- Doing for means demonstrating competence in skills.
- Providing assistance with actions that client/patient would normally do for themselves.
- Comforting, anticipating, protecting client or patient needs
Describe Swanson’s theory of caring
Enabling
- Enabling is about facilitating passage through life transitions such as birth, illness, death, and situational. unexpected events.
- Preserving dignity, informing and explaining. -Supporting and allowing.
- Encouraging independence.
- Providing alternatives
Describe Swanson’s theory of caring
Maintaining belief
- Maintaining belief is about sustaining faith in the persons ability to move forward in the future.
- It’s about sustaining hope filled attitude.
- Validating a person’s feelings.
- Giving positive feedback.
- Offering realistic optimism.
- Believing and going the extra mile.
Describe roaches human act of caring
Compassion: To be with another in their suffering, to have empathy.
competence: The knowledge of the role the nurse has, acquiring and using evidence-based scientific and humanistic knowledge in the application of therapeutic interventions in the current practice of nursing.
confidence: The trust in one’s ability to care for others.
conscience: Directs moral, ethical, and legal decision making.
Commitment:Maintain and elevating the standards and obligation of the nursing profession and assuring the delivery of excellence in nursing care
Describe the phases of helping relationship (pre-interaction)
Pre-interaction: Before interacting with the patient nurses should:
- Review available data,
- check medical history,
- talk to other caregivers who have info on the patient,
- anticipate healthcare concerns/issues
- have a comfortable location that will help with a private interaction with the patient
- have a time management for the interaction
Describe the orientation phase of the helping relationship
- This is when the nurse and patient meet and get to know one another
- nurses should set the tone with warm empathetic, caring, manner.
- recognize that the first meeting may be uncertain -expect the patient to test your competence
- observe the patient and expect to be observed back -begin to make inferences about patient messages/behaviors
- assess patient’s health status and identify health goals.
- Negotiate a contract with the patient and what their and your responsibilities are
- let the patient know what to expect when the relationship is terminated
Describe the working phase of a healthy relationship
- This is when the nurse and patient work together to solve problems/achieve goals
- nurses must encourage patients to express feelings about health and their own feelings/thoughts
- provide information the patient can understand on how to change behaviour while encouraging the patient to set goals and taking action to help patients meet set goals
- use therapeutic communication skills during the interaction as well as appropriate self disclosure and confrontation
Describe the termination phase of the helping relationship
- This is the ending of the relationship
- Remind a patient that the relationship is coming to an end
- evaluate goal achievement and patient relationship -separate from the patient by relinquishing responsibility
- facilitate smooth transition for the patient to other caregivers as needed
Describe the active listening (SOLER) technique
Active listening: Pay attention to what the patient is saying verbally and nonverbally
S:Sit facing the client as your posture indicates that you are there to listen and are interested
O:Open posture keeping legs and arms uncross shows thought you were open to what the patient has to share
L:Lean toward the patient shows involvement an interest in the interaction
E:Establish and maintain intermittent eye contact as this conveys involvement
R:Relax, this shows that you are comfortable
Describe some therapeutic communication approaches and how the nurse would use each and building a relationship with a client
Sharing observation :comment how patient looks, sound, or act. Do not pair with assumption. Ex. You look pale today
sharing empathy: ability to emotionally and intellectually understand client’s reality. Requires relational approach. Ex. “It must be frustrating to not be able to do that”
sharing hope: Communicate a sense of possibility by using appropriate encouragement and pos. Feedback. Without minimizing reality of situation
sharing humour: Using humour can be useful coping strategy for patients, Healthcare providers, and families. You can also straighten the healthy relationship. DO NOT USE DARK HUMOUR
sharing feelings: Nurses should aim to help patients express emotions by making observations, acknowledging feelings, encouraging communication, and allowing them to express negative feelings. Nurses may share feelings of caring with patients at times and they can make them appear more human
using touch: Communicate human connection and conveys messages such as affection, emotional support, encouragement, tenderness. Ex. Touching shoulder or holding hand
using silence: Can serve to give time for a patient or a nurse to truly observe one another, to really listen, and sort feelings out. Useful in situations with decisions that require a lot of thought.
providing information: Provide all relevant info to the patient so that they are empowered to make informed decisions, have less and anxiety.
clarifying: checking Werther understanding is accurate. Ex. “I’m not sure by what you mean ‘sicker than usual’ what’s different now?”
focussing: Centring on key elements or concepts of a message. Do not interrupt patients. Guide the conversation to important areas
paraphrasing: Letting the patient know that you were actively involved in the search for understanding by restating their message
asking relevant questions:Ask only one question at a time from general two more specific. Ask open ended questions.
summarizing:Brings a sense of closure to the conversation begin new interactions by summarizing the last interaction to help patient recall topics discussed. Also clarify expectations
self disclosure:True and personal experiences about the soft that are shared with another person. This is to show patient that you understand what they mean
confrontation:Should only be used once trusting relationship is established. Confronting someone in a therapeutic way to make them more aware of their inconsistencies with their feelings, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours
Describe the following ways in which nurses communicate professionalism in helping relationships (courtesy, use of name, trustworthiness, autonomy and responsibility, assertiveness)
Courtesy: Common courtesy such as reading and say goodbye, knocking on doors, stating your purpose, saying please and thank you, and apologizing when needed
use of names:Self introduction with name and title. Usually use their last name and first interaction and then move to first name if patient insists. Do not use terms of endearment. First names are appropriate for babies, young children, confused or unconscious patience, and close colleagues
trustworthiness:To foster trust, communicate warmed and demonstrate consistency, reliability, honesty, integrity, competence, and respect. Follow through on what you say. Maintain confidentiality and do not withhold information, why, or distort the truth
autonomy and responsibility: To be self-directed andIndependent and accomplishing goals and advocating for other people. Taking initiative in solving problems while recognizing the importance of patients autonomy
assertiveness: I think in a way of your own best interest without infringing on others. Expressing emotions confidently, spontaneously, and honestly. Learning to say no, set limits, and resist others efforts to make them feel guilty.
