Module 07: Oxygenation Flashcards
This is the exchange of CO2 and O2 during cellular metabolism. Airways of the lung transfer oxygen from the atmosphere of the alveoli to the alveolar capillary membrane.
Respiration
This is the movement of gases into and out of the lungs during inspiration and expiration.
Ventilation
This is the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Perfusion
This is the movement of respiratory gases from one area to another by concentration gradients
Diffusion
Cite the cardiopulmonary physiology.
(1) Delivery of deoxygenated blood
(2) Right side of the heart
(3) Right side of the lungs
(4) Delivery of oxygenated blood
(5) Left side of the lungs
(6) Tissues
(7) Removal of cellular metabolism waste products
(8) Blood flow through different systems (respiratory, digestive and renal)
Cite the structure and function.
(1) Right ventricle
(2) Left ventricle
(3) As blood passes through the circulatory system the exchange of gases, nutrients and waste products occur
This pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary system.
Right Ventricle
This pumps oxygenated blood through the systemic circulation.
Left Ventricle
This is the amount of blood ejected from the LV each minute.
Cardiac Output
The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during systole.
Stroke Volume
How do you compute for the cardiac output?
Multiply the stroke volume and the heart rate
This is the measurement of the electrical activity of the conduction system
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
What are the physiological factors affecting oxygenation?
(1) Decreased oxygen carrying capacity (anemia, inhalation of toxic substance)
(2) Shock & severe dehydration
(3) Hypovolemia (reduced circulating blood flow)
(4) Increased metabolic rate
(5) Conditions affecting chest wall movement
What are the conditions of affecting chest wall movement?
(1) Pregnancy
(2) Musculoskeletal abnormalities
(3) Trauma
(4) Neuromuscular disease
(5) CNS alterations
(6) Influence of chronic lung disease
What are the lifestyle factors affecting oxygenation?
(1) Nutrition
(2) hydration
(3) Exercise
(4) Smoking
(5) Substance abuse
(6) Stress
What is the goal of ventilation?
The goal of ventilation is to produce normal arterial carbon dioxide and normal arterial oxygen tension
What is the normal range of PaCO2?
35 to 45 mmHg
What is the normal range of PaO2?
80 to 100 mmHg
This alteration in respiratory functioning pertains to the process where the alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet oxygen demands
Hypoventilation
This alteration in respiratory functioning transpires when lungs remove CO2 Faster.
Hyperventilation
This alteration in respiratory functioning transpires when there is inadequate physio-oxygenation.
Hypoxia
What should the nurse do during assessment?
(1) In-depth history of patient’s normal, & present cardiopulmonary functioning (review of drugs, food and other allergies)
(2) Physical examination of a patient’s cardiopulmonary status
(3) Review of laboratory and diagnostic test results
What are some common nursing diagnosis for oxygenation?
(1) Impaired gas exchange & impaired breathing
(2) Impaired cardiac output/impaired cardiac function
(3) Acute pain
(4) Activity intolerance
(5) Fatigue
What should the nurse plan as per oxygenation?
(1) Develop a patient-centered plan of care to improve and maintain oxygenation status
(2) Develop an individualized plan of care for each nursing diagnosis
What should the nurse implement as per oxygenation?
(1) Determine which interventions are appropriate for your patient
(2) Provide physician-initiated interventions such as oxygen therapy, lung inflation techniques and chest physiotherapies
How do you improve health as per oxygenation?
(1) Vaccinations
(2) Healthy lifestyle
(3) Avoid environmental pollutants
(4) Dyspnea management
(5) Airway maintenance (suctioning, chest physiotherapy)
(6) Mobilization of pulmonary secretions (repositioning)
(7) Hydration: 1800-2500 mL/day (^ OFI: increase oral fluid intake)
(8) Humidification
(9) Nebulization
