Module 07: Oxygenation

Question 1

This is the exchange of CO2 and O2 during cellular metabolism. Airways of the lung transfer oxygen from the atmosphere of the alveoli to the alveolar capillary membrane.

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

This is the movement of gases into and out of the lungs during inspiration and expiration.

Answer 2

Ventilation

Question 3

This is the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Answer 3

Perfusion

Question 4

This is the movement of respiratory gases from one area to another by concentration gradients

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 5

Cite the cardiopulmonary physiology.

Answer 5

(1) Delivery of deoxygenated blood
(2) Right side of the heart
(3) Right side of the lungs
(4) Delivery of oxygenated blood
(5) Left side of the lungs
(6) Tissues
(7) Removal of cellular metabolism waste products
(8) Blood flow through different systems (respiratory, digestive and renal)

Question 6

Cite the structure and function.

Answer 6

(1) Right ventricle
(2) Left ventricle
(3) As blood passes through the circulatory system the exchange of gases, nutrients and waste products occur

Question 7

This pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary system.

Answer 7

Right Ventricle

Question 8

This pumps oxygenated blood through the systemic circulation.

Answer 8

Left Ventricle

Question 9

This is the amount of blood ejected from the LV each minute.

Answer 9

Cardiac Output

Question 10

The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during systole.

Answer 10

Stroke Volume

Question 11

How do you compute for the cardiac output?

Answer 11

Multiply the stroke volume and the heart rate

Question 12

This is the measurement of the electrical activity of the conduction system

Answer 12

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 13

What are the physiological factors affecting oxygenation?

Answer 13

(1) Decreased oxygen carrying capacity (anemia, inhalation of toxic substance)
(2) Shock & severe dehydration
(3) Hypovolemia (reduced circulating blood flow)
(4) Increased metabolic rate
(5) Conditions affecting chest wall movement

Question 14

What are the conditions of affecting chest wall movement?

Answer 14

(1) Pregnancy
(2) Musculoskeletal abnormalities
(3) Trauma
(4) Neuromuscular disease
(5) CNS alterations
(6) Influence of chronic lung disease

Question 15

What are the lifestyle factors affecting oxygenation?

Answer 15

(1) Nutrition
(2) hydration
(3) Exercise
(4) Smoking
(5) Substance abuse
(6) Stress

Question 16

What is the goal of ventilation?

Answer 16

The goal of ventilation is to produce normal arterial carbon dioxide and normal arterial oxygen tension

Question 17

What is the normal range of PaCO2?

Answer 17

35 to 45 mmHg

Question 18

What is the normal range of PaO2?

Answer 18

80 to 100 mmHg

Question 19

This alteration in respiratory functioning pertains to the process where the alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet oxygen demands

Answer 19

Hypoventilation

Question 20

This alteration in respiratory functioning transpires when lungs remove CO2 Faster.

Answer 20

Hyperventilation

Question 21

This alteration in respiratory functioning transpires when there is inadequate physio-oxygenation.

Answer 21

Hypoxia

Question 22

What should the nurse do during assessment?

Answer 22

(1) In-depth history of patient’s normal, & present cardiopulmonary functioning (review of drugs, food and other allergies)
(2) Physical examination of a patient’s cardiopulmonary status
(3) Review of laboratory and diagnostic test results

Question 23

What are some common nursing diagnosis for oxygenation?

Answer 23

(1) Impaired gas exchange & impaired breathing
(2) Impaired cardiac output/impaired cardiac function
(3) Acute pain
(4) Activity intolerance
(5) Fatigue

Question 24

What should the nurse plan as per oxygenation?

Answer 24

(1) Develop a patient-centered plan of care to improve and maintain oxygenation status
(2) Develop an individualized plan of care for each nursing diagnosis

Question 25

What should the nurse implement as per oxygenation?

Answer 25

(1) Determine which interventions are appropriate for your patient
(2) Provide physician-initiated interventions such as oxygen therapy, lung inflation techniques and chest physiotherapies

Question 26

How do you improve health as per oxygenation?

Answer 26

(1) Vaccinations
(2) Healthy lifestyle
(3) Avoid environmental pollutants
(4) Dyspnea management
(5) Airway maintenance (suctioning, chest physiotherapy)
(6) Mobilization of pulmonary secretions (repositioning)
(7) Hydration: 1800-2500 mL/day (^ OFI: increase oral fluid intake)
(8) Humidification
(9) Nebulization