Module 01: Aspects of Nursing Flashcards
This aspect of nursing is learning to deliver care with compassion, caring and respect for patient dignity and individuality.
Nursing as an Art
This gist of nursing is based on body of knowledge and evidence-based practices that are continually changing.
Nursing as a Science
In the gist of nursing as a profession, this is known as the center of the nursing practice.
The patient - individuals, families or communities
How is nursing defined under nursing as a profession?
Nursing is not simply a collection of specific skills and a nurse is not simply a person trained to perform specific tasks.
How should nurses act professionally?
To act professionally, the nurse must use critical thinking, administer high- quality, evidence-based patient-centered care in a safe, prudent and knowledgeable manner. The nurse is responsible and accountable to self, patients and peers
According to this, Nursing incorporates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; and alleviation of suffering through compassionate presence. Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity.
American Nurses Association (ANA), 2021
According to them, Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well, and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health; prevention of illness; and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.
International Council of Nurses (ICN), 2021
According to this law, A person shall be deemed to be practicing nursing within the meaning of RA No. _____when he/she singly or in collaboration with another, initiates and performs nursing services to individuals, families and communities in any health care setting. It includes, but not limited to, nursing care during conception, labor, delivery, infancy, childhood, adulthood and old age. As member independent practitioners, nurses are primarily responsible for the promotion of health and prevention of illness. As members of the health team, nurses shall collaborate with other health care providers for the curative, preventive, and rehabilitative aspects of cares, restoration of health, alleviation of suffering, and when recovery is not possible, towards a peaceful death.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9173, 2002 ARTICLE VI: NURSING PRACTICE & PRC Board Resolution No. 425, 2003
How should the nurse provide nursing care through the utilization of the nursing process?
(1) Traditional and innovative approaches
(2) Therapeutic use of self
(3) Execute health care techniques and procedures
(4) Essential primary health care
(5) Comfort measures
(6) Health teaching
(7) Administration of written prescription for treatment, therapies, oral, topics and parenteral medications
(8) Internal examination during labor (no antenatal bleeding)
(8) Suturing of perineal laceration with special training
What are the duties of the nurse?
(1) Provide nursing care through the utilization of the nursing process
(2) Establish linkages with community resources and coordination with health team
(3) Provide health education
(4) Teach, guide and supervise students in nursing education programs, undertake consultation services, engage in activities that require the utilization of knowledge and decision-making skills
(5) Undertake nursing and health human resource development training and research to include development of advance nursing practice
What does the scope of nursing?
(1) Observe the Code of Ethics and upholds standards of Practice
(2) Continual learning through continuing professional education provided by accredited professional organization
What is the beginning or preceding role of the nurse in client care?
(1) Practices in accordance with legal principles and the code of ethics in making personal and professional judgment
(2) Utilizes the nursing process in the interdisciplinary care of clients that empowers the clients and promotes safe quality care
(3) Maintains complete, accurate and up-to-date recording and reporting system
(4) Establishes collaborative relationship with colleagues and other members of the team to enhance nursing and other health care services
(5) Promotes professional and personal growth and development
What is the beginning or preceding role of the nurse in management and leadership?
(1) Demonstrates management and leadership skills to
provide safe and quality care
(2) Demonstrates accountability for safe nursing practice
(3) Demonstrates management and leadership skills to deliver health programs and services effectively to specific client groups in the community setting
(4) Manages a community/village based health facility/component of a health program or a nursing service
(5) Demonstrates ability to lead and supervise nursing
support staff
(6) Utilizes appropriate mechanism for networking, linkage building and referrals
What is the beginning or preceding role on research?
(1) Engages in nursing or health related research with or under the supervision of an experienced researcher
(2) Evaluate research study/ report utilizing guidelines in the conduct of written research critique
(3) Applies the research process in improving patient care in partnership with a quality improvement/ quality assurance/ nursing audit team
This delineated as a statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles the nurse will use to provide care to clients
Code of Ethics
What is the code of ethics that nurses adhere too?
PRC BON BOARD RESOLUTION NO. 220, SERIES OF 2004
What are the professional responsibilities and roles of a nurse?
(1) Autonomy and accountability
(2) Caregiver
(3) Patient advocate
(4) Educator
(5) Communicator
(6) Manager
What are the trends in the nursing profession?
(1) Importance of nurses’ self-care (burnout, compassion fatigue, work-life balance, experience of grief and loss)
(2) Health care reform and costs
(3) Demographic changes
(4) Evidence-based practice
(5) Quality and safety education for nurses
(6) Emerging information technologies
(7) Genomics
(8)Health policy
This is the organization of people, institutions, and resources to deliver health care services to meet the health needs of a target population, whether a single provider practice or a large health care system. This is the totality of all policies, facilities, equipment, products, human resources and services which address the health needs, problems and concerns of the people
Health Care Delivery System
In the US, this is termed which were developed with a focus on improving health care quality and decreasing overall health care costs
Integrated Health Care Delivery
In the Philippines, this is termed which were redefined to suit Universal Health Care or Kalusugang Pangkalahatan
Service Delivery Network
This level of health care services and disease prevention is based on the notion of maintaining an optimum level of wellness.
Primary Prevention (Health Promotion and Illness Prevention)
What are the activities under Primary Prevention (Health Promotion and Illness Prevention)?
Adequate and proper nutrition, weight control and exercise, Stress reduction, smoking cessation campaigns, environmental programs
This level of health care services and disease prevention requires emergency, intensive, and around the clock acute care.
Secondary Prevention (Diagnosis and Treatment)
What are the activities under Secondary Prevention (Diagnosis and Treatment)?
Early detection and screening, diagnostic and treatment facilities, outpatient surgical units
This level of health care services and disease prevention helps individuals move to their previous level of health.
Tertiary Prevention - Rehabilitation, Health Restoration and Palliative Care
What are the activities under This level of health care services and disease prevention?
End of life care Rehabilitation services
This framework of care is centered on healthcare system whose goals are to provide cost-effective, quality care that focuses on decreased costs and improve outcomes to group of clients
Managed Care
This framework of care involves multidisciplinary teams that assume collaborative responsibility for care for groups of clients. Uses critical pathways to track client’s progress
Case Management
This framework of care is narrowed on the system which utilizes the best possible use of nursing personnel based on education preparation and skill sets
Differentiated Practice
This framework of care occurs when one nurse is assigned to and responsible for the comprehensive care of a group of
clients during a shift
Case Method – (total care)
This framework of care focuses on jobs to be completed, based on production and efficiency model
Functional Method
This framework of care is narrowed down on the delivery of nursing care to individual clients by a group of providers led by a professional nurse
Team Nursing
This framework of care transpires when one nurse is responsible for overseeing the total care of a number of hospitalized client 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Primary Nursing
This is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that combines the deliberate and systematic use of best evidence in combination with a clinician’s expertise, patient preferences and values and available heath care resources in making decisions about patient care
Evidence Based Practice (EBP)
What constitutes Evidence Based Practice (EBP)?
(1) Evidence from research, evidence based theories, clinical experts, and opinion leaders
(2) Evidence from assessment of patient’s history and physical and available health care resources
(3) Clinical Expertise
(4) Information about patient preferences and values
What are the steps for executing and procuring evidence-based practice?
(1) Cultivate a spirit of inquiry within an EBP culture and environment.
(2) Ask a clinical question in PICOT format.
(3) Search for the most relevant and best evidence.
(4) Critically appraise the evidence you gather.
(5) Integrate the best evidence with your clinical expertise and patient preferences and values to make the best clinical decision.
(6) Evaluate the outcomes of practice changes based on evidence.
(7) Communicate the outcomes of EBP decision or changes
What does the PICOT format of a research question stand for?
(1) Population
(2) Intervention
(3) Comparison
(4) Outcome
(5) Time Frame
Under the the PICOT format of a research question, this answers what specific patient population is of interest?
Population
Under the PICOT format of a research question, this answers what intervention or policy is being studied?
Intervention
Under the PICOT format of a research question, this answers what is the main alternative?
Comparison
Under the PICOT format of a research question, this answers the question of what should be measured?
Outcome
Under the PICOT format of a research question, this answers the question of what is the appropriate time period to assess outcomes?
Time Frame
This level of evidences is a s systematic review of meta analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) along with evidence- based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews.
Level I
This level of evidence is delineated as a well-designed RCT.
Level II
This level of evidence is delineated as a controlled trial without randomization (quasiexperimental study)
Level III