Module 06: Nutrition Throughout Lifespans Flashcards
How is nutrition prior to pregnancy?
The woman who enters pregnancy with full nutrient stores, sound eating habits, and a healthy body weight has done much to ensure an optimal pregnancy.
What can occur in the early weeks of pregnancy before many women are even aware that they are pregnant?
Significant developmental changes occur that depend on a woman’s nutrient stores.
How should a woman prepare for a healthy pregnancy?
(A) Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
(B) Choose an adequate balanced diet
(C) Be physically active
(D) Receive regular medical care
(E) Avoid harmful influences
Why is it important for women to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight when preparing for a healthy pregnancy?
Both underweight and overweight women, their newborns face increased risks of complications.
Why is it important for women to choose an adequate and balanced diet when preparing for a healthy pregnancy?
Malnutrition reduces fertility and impairs the early development of an infant should a woman become pregnant.
Why is it important for women to be physically active when preparing for a healthy pregnancy?
A woman who wants to become physically active when she is pregnant needs to become physically active beforehand.
Why is it important for women to receive regular medical care when preparing for a healthy pregnancy?
Regular healthcare visits can help ensure a healthy start to pregnancy.
Why is it important for women to avoid harmful influences when preparing for a healthy pregnancy?
Both maternal and paternal ingestion of or exposure to harmful substances (such as cigarettes alcohol drugs or environmental contaminants) can cause miscarriage or abnormalities, alter genes or their expression, and interfere with fertility.
Young adults who nourish and protect their bodies do so not only for their own sakes but also for future generations.
When are human beings most vulnerable to the impact of poor nutrition?
The needs for many nutrients change at different stages of life. Human beings are most vulnerable to the impact of poor nutrition during periods of rapid growth.
When is the period of most rapid growth?
The period of most rapid growth is that of the unborn child.
What happens when the essential nutrients are not present to support growth during a critical time?
Permanent damage to the tissues and organs can occur.
This is an act of scaling up the national and local health and nutrition programs through a strengthened integrated strategy for maternal, neonatal, child health and nutrition in the first one thousand (1000) days of life, appropriating funds thereof and for other purposes.
Republic Act 11148 (Kalusugan at Nutrisyon ng Mag-Nanay Act)
This is considered as the golden window of opportunity where health, nutrition, and development foundations are established.
First 1000 days
The first 1000 days consists of three (3) essential parts which are:
(A) 270 days of conception and pregnancy
(B) 365 days for the first year and
(C) Another 365 days for the second year of life
How does the quality of nutrition during the First 1000 Days affect national and global development goals?
The quality of nutrition during the First 1000 Days can significantly impact national and global development goals.
What are the benefits of good nutrition during the First 1000 Days?
Good nutrition maximizes a child’s ability to grow, learn, and develop, affecting their health, well-being, and success in adulthood.
Why is the First 1000 Days crucial for both individual and national health?
What happens to the mother and child during the First 1000 Days has a lifelong impact on the individual’s health and well-being, as well as the overall health of the country.
When do the First 1000 Days of life begin?
The First 1000 Days of life begin at conception.
On whom does the growing fetus depend for optimal growth and development?
The growing fetus is dependent on the mother for nutrition to achieve optimal growth and development.
What nutrients should a mother consume to ensure proper development for the baby?
The mother should consume an adequate and balanced diet with essential nutrients like iron, folic acid, and iodine.
Why are nutrients like iron, folic acid, and iodine important during pregnancy?
These micronutrients are essential for normal cognitive and motor development and the development of social skills, with lifelong effects on the child.
What period is covered by conception, pregnancy, and birth within the First 1000 Days?
Covers the first 270 days of the First 1000 Days.
How can an expectant mother’s nutritional status affect pregnancy outcomes?
An expectant mother’s nutritional status can significantly affect the outcome of pregnancy, including the health of the baby and placenta.
Why must a mother be well-nourished during the first month of gestation?
Helps ensure the formation of a healthy placenta.
When do the major organs of the embryo and fetus form, and why is nutrition critical during this period?
The major organs form within 2 to 3 months of conception, making nutrition critical for the child’s health during this period.
Where do the nutrients required for embryo and fetal development come from?
The required nutrients come from the mother’s diet or her body stores.
Do nutrient needs increase uniformly for all nutrients during pregnancy?
Nutrient needs increase more for certain nutrients than for others during pregnancy.
How can an expectant mother meet the increased nutrient demands of pregnancy?
Through abalanced diet that includes more nutrient-dense foods from each food group
Which nutrients are particularly needed during pregnancy for cell reproduction?
Folate and vitamin B12
This nutrient helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
Folate
How does maternal vitamin D deficiency affect the infant?
Maternal vitamin D deficiency interferes with calcium metabolism in the infant.
Why should pregnant women pay special attention to calcium intake?
All pregnant women, especially those younger than 25, need to ensure adequate calcium intake to support both their own and the baby’s bone health.
These are recommended for pregnant women to support increased blood volume and fetal growth.
Iron Supplements
What can large doses of iron interfere with during pregnancy?
Large doses of iron can interfere with zinc absorption and metabolism, but most prenatal supplements provide the right balance of these minerals.
These are known to provide a balanced amount of essential nutrients like iron and zinc, ensuring the health of both mother and baby without causing nutrient imbalances.
Prenatal Supplements
What are the different high risk pregnancy factors?
(A) Pregnancy BMI either <18.5 or >25
(B) Insufficient or excessive pregnancy weight gain
(C) Nutrient deficiencies or toxicities and eating disorders
(D) Poverty lack of family support and low level of education and limited food available
(E) Smoking alcohol or other drug use
(F) Teens especially 15 years or younger and women who are 35 years or older
(G) Many previous pregnancies (three or more to mothers younger than age 20; four or more to mothers age 20 or older)
(H) Short or long intervals between pregnancies (59 months)
(I) Previous history of problems
(J) Twins or triplets
(K) Low or high birthweight infants
(M) Development of gestational hypertension
(N) Development of gestational diabetes
(O) Diabetes, Hypertension, heart, respiratory and kidney disease, certain genetic disorders, special diets and medications
This is known as a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that male the birth likely be surrounded by problems such as premature delivery, difficult birth, retarded growth, birth defects and early infant death.
High Risk Pregnancy
What are the conditions of high risk pregnancy?
(A) The more factors that apply, the higher the risk
(B) A woman with none of these factors is said to have a low risk pregnancy
All pregnant women, especially those in high risk categories, need what:
Need prenatal care, including dietary advice
Under weight gain distribution in normal pregnancy, how much weight is distributed for the baby?
7 to 8 pounds
Under weight gain distribution in normal pregnancy, how much weight is distributed for the amniotic fluid?
2 pounds
Under weight gain distribution in normal pregnancy, how much weight is distributed for the placenta?
1 and 1/2 pounds
Under weight gain distribution in normal pregnancy, how much weight is distributed for increased blood volume?
3 to 4 pounds
Under weight gain distribution in normal pregnancy, how much weight is distributed for increased fluid volume?
3 to 4 pounds
Under weight gain distribution in normal pregnancy, how much weight is distributed for the increased weight of the uterus?
2 pounds
Under weight gain distribution in normal pregnancy, how much weight is distributed for the breasts?
2 pounds
Under weight gain distribution in normal pregnancy, how much weight is distributed for the mother’s fat stores?
6 to 8 pounds
How much weight is distributed in normal pregnancy?
25 to 35 pounds
What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy for an underweight woman (BMI < 18.5)?
An underweight woman (BMI < 18.5) should aim to gain 28-40 lbs, with a pattern of gaining 5 lbs in the first trimester and 1 lb per week thereafter.
What is the recommended weight gain for a woman with a healthy weight (BMI 18.5-24.9)?
A woman with a healthy weight (BMI 18.5-24.9) should gain 25-35 lbs, with 3 ½ lbs in the first trimester and 1 lb per week thereafter.
How much weight should an overweight woman (BMI 25.0-29.9) gain during pregnancy?
An overweight woman (BMI 25.0-29.9) should aim to gain 15-25 lbs, with 2 lbs in the first trimester and 2/3 lb per week thereafter.
What is the recommended weight gain for an obese woman (BMI > 30) during pregnancy?
An overweight woman (BMI 25.0-29.9) should aim to gain 15 lbs.
What are the risks associated with gaining more than the recommended weight during pregnancy?
Gaining more than recommended is associated with hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and cesarean delivery.
What are the risks associated with gaining less than the recommended weight during pregnancy?
Gaining less than recommended can lead to fetal growth retardation, low birth weight (LBW), and increased perinatal mortality.
Is the concept of “eating for two” valid for well-nourished mothers?
No, the concept of “eating for two” is not valid for well-nourished mothers, as it may lead to overweight.
What risks are underweight women before and during pregnancy more likely to face?
Underweight women before and during pregnancy are at greater risk of having a preterm birth or delivering a small for gestational age or low-birthweight baby.
What risks do overweight or obese women face during pregnancy?
Overweight or obese women are at increased risk of developing pregnancy-related complications such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, fetal macrosomia (large for gestational age baby), or fetal loss (miscarriage).
What are the consequences of inadequate food intake and low macronutrients during pregnancy?
Inadequate food intake, particularly low macronutrients like protein, is associated with complications such as increased cholesterol and blood sugar levels, obesity, and poor developmental outcomes in the child.
What developmental problems can result from inadequate nutrition during pregnancy?
Can lead to low cognitive functioning, attention deficit, and disruptive behavior problems in the child.
How can micronutrient deficiencies affect the child during pregnancy?
Can lead to long-term complications such as obesity, increased cholesterol, and developmental issues like poor cognitive functioning and behavior problems.
