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Biology 1st Semester > Module 05 Biodiversity and Taxonomy Part 3 > Flashcards

Module 05 Biodiversity and Taxonomy Part 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Clade Lophotrochozoa - General Traits

A

Bilaterally symmetrical; Lophophore – crown of ciliated tentacles that function in feeding; Trochophore – larval stage; Most diverse in terms of bilaterally symmetrical body plans

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2
Q

Clade Lophotrochozoa - Lophophore

A

Crown of ciliated tentacles that function in feeding

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3
Q

Clade Lophotrochozoa - Trochophore

A

Larval stage observed in Lophotrochozoa

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4
Q

Clade Lophotrochozoa - Diversity

A

Most diverse group in terms of bilaterally symmetrical body plans

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5
Q

Clade Lophotrochozoa - Ectoprocts

A

Ectoprocts resemble moss, encased with an exoskeleton studded with pores; Example: Plumatella repens

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6
Q

Clade Lophotrochozoa - Brachiopods

A

Lamp shells that resemble molluscs, open dorso-ventrally; Example: Terabratulina retusa

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7
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes - General Traits

A

Flatworms; Includes parasitic species like flukes and tapeworms; Acoelomates

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8
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes - Flame Bulbs

A

Protonephridia called flame bulbs for gas and osmotic exchange with the environment

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9
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes - Trematode Schistosoma mansoni

A

Parasitic worm with complex life cycle, alternating sexual and asexual stages

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10
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes - Tapeworm Taenia sp.

A

Reproduces via proglottids, sacs of sex organs

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11
Q

Class Polyplacophora - Structure

A

Covered with eight dorsal plates

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12
Q

Class Polyplacophora - Feeding

A

Uses radula to scrape algae off rock surfaces; Example: Acanthopleura sp.

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13
Q

Class Scaphopoda - General Traits

A

Tusk shells; Benthic organisms that bury under sediment; Feed on foraminiferans; Example: Dentalium sp.

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14
Q

Class Gastropoda - Torsion

A

Undergo torsion, a twisting process during development

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15
Q

Class Gastropoda - Operculum

A

Opening covered by an operculum for protection

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16
Q

Class Gastropoda - Example

A

Example: Thiara sp.

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17
Q

Class Bivalvia - Shell

A

Shells divided into two hinged halves, using adductor muscles to draw them together

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18
Q

Class Bivalvia - Byssal Threads

A

Release byssal threads to adhere to surfaces

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19
Q

Class Bivalvia - Feeding

A

Filter feeders, deposit feeders, detritivores

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20
Q

Class Bivalvia - Examples

A

Examples include Pinctada margaritifera, Mytilidae, Teredinidae

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21
Q

Class Cephalopoda - Predation

A

Active marine predators, use tentacles to grasp prey

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22
Q

Class Cephalopoda - Siphon

A

Foot has evolved into a siphon for propulsion

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23
Q

Class Cephalopoda - Circulatory System

A

Closed circulatory system

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24
Q

Class Cephalopoda - Brain

A

Possess a complex brain, advanced for invertebrates

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25
Q

Cephalopod Adaptations - Ink Production

A

Produce ink as a defense mechanism

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26
Q

Cephalopod Adaptations - Skin Pigments

A

Have chromatophores, iridophores, leucophores for color change

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27
Q

Ecological Roles of Molluscs - Calcium

A

Molluscs are a major source of calcium in ecosystems

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28
Q

Ecological Roles of Molluscs - Habitat

A

Provide habitat for various marine species

29
Q

Ecological Roles of Molluscs - Parasites

A

Act as intermediate hosts to parasites

30
Q

Ecological Roles of Molluscs - Nutrient Cycling

A

Contribute to nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems

31
Q

Phylum Annelida - General Traits

A

Coelomates, segmented worms; Active predators, suspension or deposit feeders

32
Q

Phylum Annelida - Epitoky

A

Reproduction may occur as epitoky in some annelids

33
Q

Subclass Polychaeta - Parapodia

A

Have parapodia, paddle-like or ridge-like structures for locomotion

34
Q

Subclass Polychaeta - Chaetae

A

Each parapodium has chaetae, bristles made of chitin

35
Q

Subclass Polychaeta - Example

A

Example: Spirobranchus giganteus

36
Q

Subclass Oligochaeta - Chaetae

A

Have sparse chaetae

37
Q

Subclass Oligochaeta - Clitellum

A

Possess clitellum for alignment during sexual reproduction

38
Q

Subclass Hirudinea - Leeches

A

Leeches possess bladelike jaws to slit the skin of their host

39
Q

Subclass Hirudinea - Hirudin

A

Secrete hirudin to prevent blood from coagulating at incision site

40
Q

Clade Ecdysozoa - Cuticle

A

Possess an external coat called the cuticle

41
Q

Clade Ecdysozoa - Ecdysis

A

Undergo moulting, or ecdysis, to grow

42
Q

Phylum Nematoda - Parasitism

A

Parasitize almost every type of animal and many plants

43
Q

Phylum Nematoda - Population

A

Most numerous animals on Earth, found almost everywhere

44
Q

Phylum Nematoda - Cuticle Composition

A

Syncytial cuticle largely made of collagen

45
Q

Phylum Nematoda - Muscles

A

Muscles run longitudinally; lack cilia or flagella

46
Q

Phylum Nematoda - Example

A

Example: Trichinella spiralis

47
Q

Phylum Nematomorpha - Digestive System

A

Horsehair worms with vestigial digestive systems, absorb nutrition through body wall

48
Q

Phylum Nematomorpha - Example

A

Example: Paragordius sp.

49
Q

Phylum Tardigrada - Tardigrades

A

Known as water bears; rounded shape, stubby appendages; lack antennae

50
Q

Phylum Tardigrada - Example

A

Example: Milnesium tardigradum

51
Q

Phylum Onychophora - Velvet Worms

A

Possess fleshy antennae, saclike legs; oral papillae secrete slime to deter predators or capture prey

52
Q

Phylum Onychophora - Example

A

Example: Pazurnica sp.

53
Q

Phylum Arthropoda - Abundance

A

Estimated to have about a billion arthropods living on Earth

54
Q

Phylum Arthropoda - Species Ratio

A

Two out of every three known species are arthropods

55
Q

Phylum Arthropoda - General Traits

A

Segmented body, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

56
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata - Mouthparts

A

Arthropods with chelicerae, claw-like mouthparts

57
Q

Subphylum Myriapoda - Legs

A

Millipedes and centipedes differ in number of legs per trunk segment

58
Q

Subphylum Crustacea - Appendages

A

Have two pairs of antennae; appendages specialized, regenerate lost appendages

59
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda - Flight Evolution

A

Flight evolution allowed an explosion in insect diversity

60
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda - Flowering Plants

A

Insect diversity increased due to the expansion of flowering plants

61
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda - Incomplete Metamorphosis

A

Nymph stage resembles adults, lacks wings, metamorphosis via moulting

62
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda - Complete Metamorphosis

A

Larval stage looks entirely different from adult, transforms in pupal stage

63
Q

Order Hemiptera - Traits

A

True bugs with incomplete metamorphosis; piercing, sucking mouthparts; two pairs of wings

64
Q

Order Orthoptera - Jumping Legs

A

Grasshoppers, crickets have large hind legs for jumping; incomplete metamorphosis

65
Q

Order Coleoptera - Beetle Traits

A

Beetles with complete metamorphosis; two pairs of wings, armored exoskeleton, mouthparts for biting and chewing

66
Q

Order Diptera - Wings and Mouthparts

A

Flies, mosquitoes with one pair of wings; second pair for balance (halterers); adapted mouthparts

67
Q

Order Hymenoptera - Stinging Organ

A

Ants, bees, wasps have stinging organ; complete metamorphosis; two pairs of wings

68
Q

Order Lepidoptera - Proboscis

A

Butterflies, moths have a proboscis for feeding; two pairs of wings with scales; complete metamorphosis

Biology 1st Semester (4 decks)

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