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COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING > Module 03: Universal Health Care > Flashcards

Module 03: Universal Health Care Flashcards

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1
Q

It aims to accelerate the implementation of Universal Health Care (UHC) in the Philippines to ensure all Filipinos have access to quality health services without financial hardship.

A

DOH Arangkada Towards UHC

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2
Q

When was the Universal Health Care (UHC) law enacted in the Philippines?

A

The UHC law was enacted in 2019 under Republic Act No. 11223.

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3
Q

What is the focus of strengthening primary care under “DOH Arangkada Towards UHC”?

A

It focuses on enhancing local health systems and ensuring comprehensive primary care services are accessible to all at the community level.

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4
Q

How does “DOH Arangkada Towards UHC” address health financing reforms?

A

it expands PhilHealth coverage, particularly for vulnerable sectors, to reduce out-of-pocket expenses and make healthcare services more affordable.

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5
Q

Why is health human resources a key component of “DOH Arangkada Towards UHC”

A

Investing in health human resources is essential to increase the number of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals, supporting local health systems effectively.

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6
Q

These are known to create networks of health facilities to provide seamless care across primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels.

A

Service Delivery Networks (SDNs)

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7
Q

How is information and technology integration utilized in “DOH Arangkada Towards UHC”?

A

Digital health technologies are used to improve health data systems and streamline health services, making the system more efficient.

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8
Q

What types of public health programs are emphasized in “DOH Arangkada Towards UHC”?

A

(A) Immunizations
(B) Maternal and Child Cafe
(C) Chronic Disease Management

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9
Q

Why is Universal Health Care (UHC) important in community health nursing in the Philippines

A

UHC is vital in ensuring that all Filipinos have affordable, quality healthcare access, especially for primary and preventive care, directly impacting community health nursing.

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10
Q

This principle of Universality in Universal Health Care (UHC) Reform ensures that all Filipinos are covered under the health care system.

A

Universality

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11
Q

This principle of Universality in Universal Health Care (UHC) Reform prioritizes providing services to unserved or underserved populations to address disparities.

A

Equity

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11
Q

This principle of Universality in Universal Health Care (UHC) Reform involves clear role delineation, separation between purchaser and provider, and implementing management and organizational reforms.

A

Accountability

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12
Q

This principle of Universality in Universal Health Care (UHC) Reform shifts focus to health promotion, primary care, and strategic purchasing to maintain long-term healthcare effectiveness.

A

Sustainability

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13
Q

This principle in Universality in Universal Health Care (UHC) Reform aims to make health information accessible, encourage citizen engagement, and involve private providers in healthcare delivery.

A

Participation

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14
Q

This principle in Universality in Universal Health Care (UHC) Reform encourages pooling resources and mutual support for basic health services to create a united health care system.

A

Social Solidarity

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15
Q

This principle in Universality in Universal Health Care (UHC) Reform relates to taking responsibility for non-basic or additional services beyond essential healthcare.

A

Individual Responsibility

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16
Q

This principle in Universality in Universal Health Care (UHC) Reform advocates for fair and transparent priority-setting to achieve healthcare goals over time.

A

Progressive Realization

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17
Q

Under the Universal Health Care, the main benefit for these people is that they receive effective healthcare without facing financial hardship.

A

Patient

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18
Q

Under the Universal Health Care, these are known to influence the provider’s behavior toward efficiency and effectiveness ensuring that care is cost effective.

A

Prayer

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19
Q

Under the Universal Health Care, they should aim to earn a positive margin by treating patients efficiently and achieving good health outcomes.

A

Providers

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20
Q

What benefit do Physicians have under Universal Health Care?

A

Physicians can earn a predictable income, reducing the need to charge high price differentials for their services.

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21
Q

How are Suppliers of Drugs, Devices, and Diagnostic Tests involved in UHC?

A

Suppliers provide products that improve outcomes or reduce costs, which are then incorporated into treatments by effective and efficient healthcare providers.

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22
Q

How does Universal Health Care ensure appropriate services for every Filipino family?

A

Every Filipino family is matched to a primary care team that ensures they receive the appropriate services they need in the appropriate facility.

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23
Q

PhilHealth protects Filipino families from _________ making their health spending predictable.

A

Financial risks

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24
Q

What outpatient services are covered under Universal Health Care?

A

(A) Face to face and teloconsultations with the Primary Care Team
(B) Laboratory, diagnostic tests, and outpatient drugs as long as they are PRESCRIBED by the Primary Care Team

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25
Q

Is there a co-payment for outpatient services when the Primary Care Team is linked to the public system?

A

No, there are no co-payments when the Primary Care Team is linked to the public system.

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26
Q

What is the co-payment policy if the Primary Care Team is linked to a private system?

A

Co-payments apply based on allowable mark-ups, with prices made available and posted by providers.

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27
Q

Who is responsible for funding population-based services under UHC?

A

The Department of Health (DOH) and Local Government Units (LGUs)

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28
Q

Who provides funding for individual-based health services under UHC?

A

PhilHealth funds individual-based health services, with pooled funds from sources like the Sin Tax, PAGCOR, and PCSO.

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29
Q

How is membership in UHC simplified?

A

Membership is divided into two types: Direct and Indirect Contributory.

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30
Q

This is based on adherence to quality and co-payment standards, with third-party accreditation for verification.

A

Contracting

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31
Q

This in service delivery networks are institutionalized as a prerequisite for contracting by network, ensuring providers practice gatekeeping and referral within province-wide and city-wide service delivery networks.

A

Primary Care

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32
Q

What regulation mandates transparent pricing in UHC?

A

UHC mandates transparent pricing of health goods and medical services to ensure affordability and accountability.

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33
Q

What is the required bed ratio for government, specialty, and private hospitals?

A

(A) 90:10 for government hospitals
(B) 70:30 for specialty hospitals
(C) 10:90 for private hospitals

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34
Q

How does UHC support income retention for public providers?

A

Income retention is enabled for all public providers through a Special Health Fund, allowing them to reinvest earnings into service improvements.

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35
Q

How does UHC ensure benefit complementation between PhilHealth and private health insurance (PHIs) or Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)?

A

UHC ensures benefit complementation between PhilHealth and PHIs/HMOs to provide comprehensive coverage without duplicating benefits.

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36
Q

What is required of government health scholars under UHC?

A

Government health scholars are required to complete a three-year return service in underserved areas as part of their scholarship agreement.

37
Q

How does UHC plan to augment the health workforce?

A

It supports
(A) Health workforce system
(B) Primary care oriented education, and
(C) Health professionals registry

38
Q

What data submission requirement is mandated for healthcare providers and suppliers under UHC governance?

A

Healthcare providers and suppliers must submit health and financial data harmonized to an interoperable system, with publicly-funded data sets being shared.

39
Q

This is required as a prerequisite for public financing of health goods and services.

A

Health Technology Assessment (HTA

40
Q

This is conducted to assess the health impact of various programs, policies, and projects.

A

Health Impact Assessment

41
Q

How does UHC governance address health promotion and medicines procurement?

A

Strengthens health promotion and medicine procurement

42
Q

What change was made to the PhilHealth board under UHC governance?

A

The PhilHealth board was streamlined from 17 to 13 members.

43
Q

What is the primary objective of the UHC Act in terms of access to health services?

A

The UHC Act ensures equitable access to quality health services, providing comprehensive care—from preventive to palliative—at an affordable cost, especially for marginalized and underserved populations.

44
Q

How does the UHC Act aim to strengthen the healthcare system?

A

It strengthens healthcare by improving primary care services, developing Service Delivery Networks (SDNs), enhancing health facility capacity, and ensuring the availability of health professionals across the country.

45
Q

What does the UHC Act do to promote financial risk protection?

A

The act reduces out-of-pocket expenses by expanding PhilHealth coverage and making PhilHealth the primary payer, ensuring financial protection, especially for vulnerable groups like the poor and elderly.

46
Q

How does the UHC Act address health governance and accountability?

A

It improves governance by defining roles and responsibilities among national agencies, LGUs, and private stakeholders, encouraging citizen participation, and promoting transparency and efficiency in health service management.

47
Q

This principle under the UHC requires he State to ensure all citizens can enjoy the highest standard of health, with equitable access to health services for all, regardless of socio-economic status.

A

Health as a Fundamental Right

48
Q

This principle under the UHC ensures all Filipinos are covered regardless of their ability to pay, aiming for inclusivity and prioritizing vulnerable groups like the poor, elderly, and those in remote areas.

A

Universal Coverage and Inclusivity

49
Q

This principle under the UHC emphasizes equitable healthcare distribution, giving preferential treatment to unserved or underserved populations and basing resource allocation on need rather than payment ability.

A

Equity in Health

50
Q

This principle under the UHC aim to prevent illness, reduce disease burden, and enhance well-being through lifestyle interventions and public health programs.

A

Health promotion and preventive Care

51
Q

This principle under the UHC is people-centered, focusing on the needs and preferences of individuals and communities, encouraging their participation in health-related decisions.

A

People Oriented Health System

52
Q

This principle under the UHC promotes social solidarity by pooling resources to support each other’s health needs and recognizes health as a shared concern that requires cooperation across society.

A

Social Solidarity and Collective Responsibility

53
Q

This principle under the UHC ensures financial sustainability by strategically purchasing services, managing resources effectively, and maintaining long-term healthcare financing stability.

A

Financial Sustainability and Strategic Health Financing

54
Q

This principle under the UHC ascertains that all health-related actions, policies, and decisions must be transparent and accountable to ensure ethical, responsible use of public funds and efficient healthcare delivery.

A

Transparency and Accountability

55
Q

This key feature under UHC automatically enrolls all Filipinos in PhilHealth, allowing them to access essential health services. Community health nurses facilitate enrollment and provide education, especially for vulnerable populations like rural residents and indigenous people.

A

Equitable Access to Health Services for All Filipinos

56
Q

This key feature under UHC pertains to how nurses assist patients in understanding PhilHealth coverage to reduce out-of-pocket costs and ensure that healthcare services are accessible.

A

Health Financing Reform

57
Q

This key feature under UHC allows nurses, midwives, and other health workers to take on additional responsibilities in primary care, such as managing common illnesses, vaccinations, and basic diagnostics, especially in areas with limited physicians.

A

Task-shifting and Expanded Roles for Health Workers

58
Q

This key feature under UHC emphasizes health literacy and empowerment, with community nurses educating on preventive health, nutrition, family planning, sanitation, and recognizing early disease symptoms.

A

Health Education and Empowerment

59
Q

This key feature under UHC emphasizes preventive rather than just curative care, with community health nurses conducting health education, vaccination drives, and screenings for early detection and prevention.

A

Primary and Preventative Care

60
Q

This key feature under UHC aims to improve healthcare facilities, especially in rural areas, with community nurses assigned to barangay health centers and rural health units to provide essential services.

A

Strengthening Public Health Facilities

61
Q

Identify which key feature of UHC in Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse at a barangay health station in a coastal village provides prenatal check-ups, monitors child growth, and assists with family planning.

A

Equitable Access to Health Services for All Filipinos

62
Q

Identify which key feature of UHC in Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse helps a family with a child who has pneumonia by coordinating with PhilHealth to lower their hospital bill and explaining the covered services.

A

Health Financing Reform

63
Q

Identify which key feature of UHC in Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse in a mountainous region manages hypertension, administers vaccines, and monitors pregnancies due to a lack of doctors.

A

Task-shifting and Expanded Roles for Health Workers

64
Q

Identify which key feature of UHC in Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse holds monthly seminars for mothers in the barangay on breastfeeding, infant nutrition, and illness warning signs.

A

Health Education and Empowerment

65
Q

Identify which key feature of UHC in Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

Nurses organize health fairs for screenings and lifestyle education on hypertension and diabetes prevention.

A

Focus on Primary and Preventive Care

66
Q

Identify which key feature of UHC in Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

Nurses in barangay health centers ensure the availability of basic services like vaccinations, maternal care, and health education at the community level.

A

Strengthening Public Health Facilities

67
Q

What is the role of community health nurses in maternal and child health under UHC?

A

Nurses ensure access to antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care, which helps reduce maternal and infant mortality rates.

68
Q

How do community health nurses contribute to expanded immunization programs?

A

Nurses administer vaccines to prevent diseases such as measles, polio, and tuberculosis.

69
Q

What is the focus of health promotion campaigns led by community health nurses under UHC?

A

Health promotion campaigns focus on encouraging healthy lifestyles, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding risk factors like smoking and alcohol.

70
Q

What are some geographical challenges faced by community health nurses in implementing UHC?

A

Nurses in remote areas face issues like lack of transportation and inadequate health infrastructure, which can limit access to essential health services.

71
Q

How does staffing shortage impact UHC implementation in community health nursing?

A

Staffing shortages strain resources, making it challenging to meet expanded responsibilities and deliver consistent care across communities.

72
Q

Why is health literacy a challenge for community health nurses under UHC?

A

Community health nurses often encounter low levels of health literacy, which requires continuous education efforts to ensure communities fully benefit from UHC.

73
Q

This UHC goal and community health nursing intervention provides essential health services to everyone, regardless of financial or geographical limitations, with community health nurses delivering care at local levels through barangay health centers and rural health units.

A

Accessible Health Services for All:

74
Q

This UHC goal and community health nursing intervention prioritizes health promotion and disease prevention, where community health nurses educate, vaccinate, conduct health check-ups, and manage minor illnesses.

A

Expanded Primary Care Services

75
Q

This UHC goal and community health nursing intervention describes how one of the core elements of UHC is the decentralization of health services to the
community level. Community health nurses often operate from barangay health stations, ensuring continuity of care from prenatal to postnatal care, child immunization, and monitoring chronic diseases.

A

Continuity of Care through Barangay Health Stations

76
Q

This UHC goal and community health nursing intervention explains how nurses monitor and manage outbreaks by detecting diseases early, educating communities, and organizing preventive efforts, like clean-up drives during a dengue outbreak.

A

Community-Based Disease Surveillance:

77
Q

This UHC goal and community health nursing intervention pertains to how the UHC empowers community health nurses to take an active role in health education. By promoting healthy lifestyles, family planning, and nutritional education, nurses ensure that communities adopt preventive measures to avoid future health problems.

A

Health Promotion and Education

78
Q

This UHC goal and community health nursing intervention pertains to how enrolling all Filipinos in PhilHealth is a key part of UHC, with community health nurses educating the public on benefits, navigating the system, and facilitating financial assistance.

A

PhilHealth Enrollment and Benefits Utilization

79
Q

This UHC goal and community health nursing intervention promotes an integrated healthcare approach where community health nurses coordinate with LGUs, barangay officials, and health workers to address community health needs collaboratively.

A

Health Service Integration

80
Q

Identify which UHC’s Impact on Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse conducts health outreach programs in isolated areas where access to hospitals or clinics is limited, ensuring that individuals still receive basic health care like vaccinations, blood pressure monitoring, and prenatal check-ups.

A

Accessible Health Services for All:

81
Q

Identify which UHC’s Impact on Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

In a farming community, a nurse regularly visits households to teach about proper sanitation practices to prevent the spread of diseases like diarrhea and dengue, which are common in rural areas with limited access to clean water and proper waste disposal.

A

Expanded Primary Care Services

82
Q

Identify which UHC’s Impact on Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse ensures that a pregnant woman in a remote barangay receives continuous prenatal care by organizing regular visits to the barangay health station and coordinating with a midwife for safe delivery.

A

Continuity of Care through Barangay Health Stations

83
Q

Identify which UHC’s Impact on Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse helps manage a dengue outbreak by educating families about proper waste management to eliminate mosquito breeding sites, organizing community clean-up drives, and reporting suspected cases to higher health authorities for immediate intervention.

A

Community-Based Disease Surveillance

84
Q

Identify which UHC’s Impact on Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse conducts health seminars on proper nutrition and family planning, targeting young mothers in a low-income community to help reduce the incidence of malnutrition and unplanned pregnancie

A

Health Promotion and Education:

85
Q

Identify which UHC’s Impact on Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse helps a family enroll in PhilHealth and explains how they can avail of free or subsidized medications and treatments for common illnesses, which eases their financial burden.

A

PhilHealth Enrollment and Benefits Utilization

86
Q

Identify which UHC’s Impact on Community Health Nursing is being described based on the example.

A nurse collaborates with LGUs and local schools to implement health screening programs for school children, identifying cases of malnutrition or vision problems and referring them for further treatment.

A

Health Service Integration:

87
Q

What role do community health nurses play in Maternal and Child Health under UHC?

A

They ensure pregnant women receive antenatal care, safe delivery, and postnatal care, helping to reduce maternal and infant mortality.

87
Q

How do community health nurses contribute to the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI)?

A

Nurses administer vaccines to children and adults, protecting the community from diseases like measles, hepatitis, and polio.

88
Q

In UHC, how do community health nurses support Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) prevention?

A

Nurses monitor chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes at the community level and educate patients on lifestyle changes and medication adherence.

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING (5 decks)

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