Module 01: Introduction to Community Health Nursing Flashcards
This is a characteristics of an individual, population, or environment that is subject to measurement (directly or indirectly) and can be used to describe one or more aspects of the health of an individual or population.
Health Indicator
Health indicator is measured based on what?
(1) Quality
(2) Quantity
(3) Time
What are the global indicators of health?
(1) Crude Birth Rate
(2) Life Expectancy
(3) Crude Death Rate
(4) Maternal Mortality Rate
(5) Infant Mortality Rate
This is known as the ratio of the number of births during a specified period of time (e.g one year) to the total number of persons in the mid-period population.
Crude Birth Rate
Under the crude birth rate, the mid period population is considered as?
July 1 of the same year
What is the formula for the crude birth rate?
Crude birth rate = Number of births during a specified period of time/ Total number of persons in the mid-period population or July 1 of the same year
This is known as the average number of years that a newborn could expect to live. (World Health Organization).
Life Expectancy
They characterized life expectancy as the number of years a newborn is expected to live mortality patterns at the time of its birth remains constant in the future,
World Bank
What is the average life expectancy of a human male?
71 years old
What is the average life expectancy of a human female?
75 years old
This is the ratio of the number of deaths occurring within one year to the mid year population expressed per 1,000 population.
Crude Death Rate
What is the formula for the crude death rate (CDR)?
Crude Death Rate (CDR) = Number of deaths within a year/ Total midyear population x 1000
This is the ratio between the number of women who died (for reasons of pregnancy, childbirth, and pueperium to the number of reported live births in a given year.
Maternal Mortality Rate
Maternal Mortality Rate is expressed as the number of what?
The number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
Based on the data given by the World Bank on the Maternal Mortality Rate in the Philippines, how many women have died per 100,000 liver births due to pregnancy related causes?
78 women die per 100,000 live births
Explain the maternal mortality rate in the Philippines.
The maternal mortality ration in the Philippines has improved from 129 in 2000 to 78 in 2020. Maternal mortality in the Philippines is nearly the same as its regional average.
This is characterized as the number of women who die from pregnancy related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination per 100,000 live births.
Maternal Mortality Ratio
This is known as the number of infant deaths or deaths occurring before reaching 12 months of life in a given period per 1,000 live births.
Infant Mortality Rate
This is known as the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.
Infant Mortality Rate
How did the World Health Organization define the word health?
This is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What are the different determinants of health?
(1) Income and social status
(2) Education
(3) Physical environment
(4) Employment and working conditions
(5) Social support networks
(6) Culture
(7) Genetics
(8) Personal behavior and coping skills
(9) Health Services
(10) Gender
The word community was drawn from what word?
Derived from the Greek word “komunitas” meaning people
Sander defines and characterizes a community as what?
(1) A collection of people
(2) A place
(3) A social system
This is known as a group of people living in a particular area with common beliefs, values, and traditions.
Community
What are the important attributes of a community?
(1) Geographic boundaries
(2) Shared belief system or culture
This is defined as a specialized field of Nursing Practice that renders care to individuals, families and communities.
Community Health Nursing
What is the focus and the core of practice of community health nursing?
(A) Focus: Health promotion and disease prevention through people empowerment.
(B) Core of practice: Health promotion and disease prevention.
What is the priority of community health nursing?
Priority: To help people reduce their risks from developing a disease and maintain their optimum functioning.
How did the world health organization define community health nursing?
This is a special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health and some phases of social assistance and functions as a part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and disability.
According to them, community health nursing is a unique blend of nursing and public health practice woven into a human service that, properly developed and applied, has a tremendous impact on human well being.
Department of Health
(Its responsibilities extend to the care and supervision of individuals and families in their homes, in place of work, in schools, and clinics)
According to him, community health nursing is a service rendered by a professional nurse with communities, groups, families, and individuals at home, health centers, in clinics, in schools, in places of work for the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick at home and rehabilitation.
Ruth B. Freeman
What does community health nursing promote according toe the American Nurses Association?
CHN practice promotes and preserves the health of populations by integrating the skills and knowledge relevant to both nursing and public health.
What is the philosophy of community health nursing?
This is based on the worth and dignity of man (Margaret Shetland)
What is the goal of CHN?
To raise the level of citizenry by helping communities and families to cope with the discontinuities in and threats to health in such a way as to maximize their potential for high level wellness.
This is known as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in the principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service, for the early diagnosis and preventative treatment of the disease, and the development of machinery of which will to ever individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.
Public Health (Charles Edward Winslow)
What are the essential public health functions?
(1) Health situation monitoring and analysis.
(2) Epidemiological surveillance or disease prevention and control
(3) Development of policies and planning in public health
(4) Strategic management of health systems and services for population health gain.
(5) Regulation and enforcement to protect public health.
(6) Human resources development and planning in public health.
(7) Health promotion, social participation and empowerment.
(8) Ensuring the quality of personal and population based on health services.
(9) Research, development and implementation of innovative public health solutions.
According to the World Health Organization, this is a special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health, and some phases of social assistance and functions as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and disability.
Public Health Nursing
This refers to the nurses in the local or national departments or public schools whether their official position title Public Health Nurse or Nurse or school nurse.
Public Health Nurses (PHNs)
This refers to the practice of nursing in national and local government health departments (which includes health centers and rural health units), and public schools. It is community health nursing practice in the public health sector.
Public Health Nursing
What are the different Millenieum Development Goals?
(1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
(2) Achieve universal primary education
(3) Promote gender equality and empower women
(4) Reduce child mortality
(5) Improve maternal health
(6) Combat HIV or AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
(7) Ensure environmental sustainability
(8) Global Partnership for development
What are the different sustainable development goals?
(A) No poverty
(B) Zero hunger
(C) Good health and wellbeing
(D) Quality education
(E) Gender equality
(F) Clean water and sanitation
(G) Affordable and clean energy
(H) Decent work and economic growth
(I) Industry innovation and infrastructure
(J) Reduced inequalities
(K) Sustainable cities and communities
(L) Responsible consumption and production
(M) Climate action
(N) Life below water
(O) Life on land
(P) Peace and justice strong institutions
(Q) Partnerships for the goals
When did the principles on the sustainable development goals took place and where?
In June 13 to 14, 1992, leaders (179 countries) set out the principles of sustainable development at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
How long did the Millenieum Development Goals transpire?
from 1990 to 2015
How long did the Sustainable Development Goals transpire?
from 2016 to 2030
According to the World Commission on Environment and Development of Oxford University (1987), this is known as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the future generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainable Development
Sustainable development calls for the convergence between the three pillars of what?
(A) Economic development
(B) Social equity
(C) Environmental protection
The Sustainable Development Goals aim to reduce the global MMR by what?
To less than 70/100,000 live births