Module 01: Introduction to Community Health Nursing Flashcards
This is a characteristics of an individual, population, or environment that is subject to measurement (directly or indirectly) and can be used to describe one or more aspects of the health of an individual or population.
Health Indicator
Health indicator is measured based on what?
(1) Quality
(2) Quantity
(3) Time
What are the global indicators of health?
(1) Crude Birth Rate
(2) Life Expectancy
(3) Crude Death Rate
(4) Maternal Mortality Rate
(5) Infant Mortality Rate
This is known as the ratio of the number of births during a specified period of time (e.g one year) to the total number of persons in the mid-period population.
Crude Birth Rate
Under the crude birth rate, the mid period population is considered as?
July 1 of the same year
What is the formula for the crude birth rate?
Crude birth rate = Number of births during a specified period of time/ Total number of persons in the mid-period population or July 1 of the same year
This is known as the average number of years that a newborn could expect to live. (World Health Organization).
Life Expectancy
They characterized life expectancy as the number of years a newborn is expected to live mortality patterns at the time of its birth remains constant in the future,
World Bank
What is the average life expectancy of a human male?
71 years old
What is the average life expectancy of a human female?
75 years old
This is the ratio of the number of deaths occurring within one year to the mid year population expressed per 1,000 population.
Crude Death Rate
What is the formula for the crude death rate (CDR)?
Crude Death Rate (CDR) = Number of deaths within a year/ Total midyear population x 1000
This is the ratio between the number of women who died (for reasons of pregnancy, childbirth, and pueperium to the number of reported live births in a given year.
Maternal Mortality Rate
Maternal Mortality Rate is expressed as the number of what?
The number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
Based on the data given by the World Bank on the Maternal Mortality Rate in the Philippines, how many women have died per 100,000 liver births due to pregnancy related causes?
78 women die per 100,000 live births
Explain the maternal mortality rate in the Philippines.
The maternal mortality ration in the Philippines has improved from 129 in 2000 to 78 in 2020. Maternal mortality in the Philippines is nearly the same as its regional average.
This is characterized as the number of women who die from pregnancy related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination per 100,000 live births.
Maternal Mortality Ratio
This is known as the number of infant deaths or deaths occurring before reaching 12 months of life in a given period per 1,000 live births.
Infant Mortality Rate
This is known as the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.
Infant Mortality Rate
How did the World Health Organization define the word health?
This is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What are the different determinants of health?
(1) Income and social status
(2) Education
(3) Physical environment
(4) Employment and working conditions
(5) Social support networks
(6) Culture
(7) Genetics
(8) Personal behavior and coping skills
(9) Health Services
(10) Gender
The word community was drawn from what word?
Derived from the Greek word “komunitas” meaning people
Sander defines and characterizes a community as what?
(1) A collection of people
(2) A place
(3) A social system
This is known as a group of people living in a particular area with common beliefs, values, and traditions.
Community
What are the important attributes of a community?
(1) Geographic boundaries
(2) Shared belief system or culture
This is defined as a specialized field of Nursing Practice that renders care to individuals, families and communities.
Community Health Nursing
What is the focus and the core of practice of community health nursing?
(A) Focus: Health promotion and disease prevention through people empowerment.
(B) Core of practice: Health promotion and disease prevention.
What is the priority of community health nursing?
Priority: To help people reduce their risks from developing a disease and maintain their optimum functioning.
How did the world health organization define community health nursing?
This is a special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health and some phases of social assistance and functions as a part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and disability.
According to them, community health nursing is a unique blend of nursing and public health practice woven into a human service that, properly developed and applied, has a tremendous impact on human well being.
Department of Health
(Its responsibilities extend to the care and supervision of individuals and families in their homes, in place of work, in schools, and clinics)
According to him, community health nursing is a service rendered by a professional nurse with communities, groups, families, and individuals at home, health centers, in clinics, in schools, in places of work for the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick at home and rehabilitation.
Ruth B. Freeman
What does community health nursing promote according toe the American Nurses Association?
CHN practice promotes and preserves the health of populations by integrating the skills and knowledge relevant to both nursing and public health.
What is the philosophy of community health nursing?
This is based on the worth and dignity of man (Margaret Shetland)
What is the goal of CHN?
To raise the level of citizenry by helping communities and families to cope with the discontinuities in and threats to health in such a way as to maximize their potential for high level wellness.
This is known as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in the principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service, for the early diagnosis and preventative treatment of the disease, and the development of machinery of which will to ever individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.
Public Health (Charles Edward Winslow)
What are the essential public health functions?
(1) Health situation monitoring and analysis.
(2) Epidemiological surveillance or disease prevention and control
(3) Development of policies and planning in public health
(4) Strategic management of health systems and services for population health gain.
(5) Regulation and enforcement to protect public health.
(6) Human resources development and planning in public health.
(7) Health promotion, social participation and empowerment.
(8) Ensuring the quality of personal and population based on health services.
(9) Research, development and implementation of innovative public health solutions.
According to the World Health Organization, this is a special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health, and some phases of social assistance and functions as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and disability.
Public Health Nursing
This refers to the nurses in the local or national departments or public schools whether their official position title Public Health Nurse or Nurse or school nurse.
Public Health Nurses (PHNs)
This refers to the practice of nursing in national and local government health departments (which includes health centers and rural health units), and public schools. It is community health nursing practice in the public health sector.
Public Health Nursing
What are the different Millenieum Development Goals?
(1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
(2) Achieve universal primary education
(3) Promote gender equality and empower women
(4) Reduce child mortality
(5) Improve maternal health
(6) Combat HIV or AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
(7) Ensure environmental sustainability
(8) Global Partnership for development
What are the different sustainable development goals?
(A) No poverty
(B) Zero hunger
(C) Good health and wellbeing
(D) Quality education
(E) Gender equality
(F) Clean water and sanitation
(G) Affordable and clean energy
(H) Decent work and economic growth
(I) Industry innovation and infrastructure
(J) Reduced inequalities
(K) Sustainable cities and communities
(L) Responsible consumption and production
(M) Climate action
(N) Life below water
(O) Life on land
(P) Peace and justice strong institutions
(Q) Partnerships for the goals
When did the principles on the sustainable development goals took place and where?
In June 13 to 14, 1992, leaders (179 countries) set out the principles of sustainable development at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
How long did the Millenieum Development Goals transpire?
from 1990 to 2015
How long did the Sustainable Development Goals transpire?
from 2016 to 2030
According to the World Commission on Environment and Development of Oxford University (1987), this is known as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the future generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainable Development
Sustainable development calls for the convergence between the three pillars of what?
(A) Economic development
(B) Social equity
(C) Environmental protection
The Sustainable Development Goals aim to reduce the global MMR by what?
To less than 70/100,000 live births
The Sustainable Development Goals aim to end preventable deaths of newborn and children under 5 years of age through:
(A) Reducing NMR to 12 per 1,000 live births
(B) Reduce under 5 MR to 25 per 1,000 live births
The Sustainable Development Goals aim to end epidemics of what?
AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water borne diseases and other communicable diseases
The Sustainable Development Goals aim to reduce premature mortality by what?
1/3 of premature mortality from non communicable diseases through the prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well being
According to this plan, in 2040, we will all enjoy a stable and comfortable lifestyle secure in the knowledge that we have enough for our daily needs and unexpected expenses, that we can plan and prepare for our own and our children’s future. Our family lives together in a place of our own and we have the freedom to go where we desire, protected and enabled by a clean, efficient, and fair government.
Matatag, Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay (2040)
How does the Matatag, Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay (2040) plan characterize a “matatag” na buhay?
(A) Family is together
(B) Time with friends
(C) Work-life balance
(D) Strong sense of community (Volunteer opportunities)
How does the Matatag, Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay (2040) plan characterize a “maginhawa” na buhay?
(A) Free from hunger and poverty
(B) Secure home ownership
(C) Good transport
(D) Travel and vacation
How does the Matatag, Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay (2040) plan characterize a “panatag” na buhay?
(A) Enough resources for day to day needs and unexpected expenses
(B) Peace and security
(C) Long and healthy life
(D) Comfortable retirement
The private sector applies to what providers?
For profit and non profit health providers
This sector is in charge of providing health services in clinics and hospitals, health insurance, manufacture of medicines, vaccines, medical supplies, equipment and other health and nutrition products, research and development, human source development and other health-related services.
The Private Sector
What are the organizations that constitute the national level of the public sector?
(A) Department of Health (DOH)
(B) Regional field office
(C) Provincial health teams
(D) Local Health Boards
(E) PGH
This organization under the national level of the public sector is known as the lead sector in health?
Department of Health (DOH)
This organization under the national level of the public sector is known as the handler of specialty hospitals, regional hospitals, and medical centers.
Regional Field Office
This organization under the national level of the public sector is known as the representative of the Department of Health (DOH)?
Provincial health teams
This organization under the national level of the public sector is characterized to be involved in communicable disease control?
Local Health Boards
This organization under the local health system of the public sector is characterized to be run by local government units.
Local Health System
What constitutes the local health system?
(A) Provincial and district hospitals (Provincial and government)
(B) Health centers/RHUs and BHs (City and municipal government)
(C) Local Health Board (Chaired by LCE)
This is characterized as the principal health agency in the Philippines. This is responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of provider of health goods and services.
The Philippine Department of Health
What is the responsibility of the Philippine Department of Health?
Ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of provider of health goods and services.
This act contains comprehensive and progressive reforms to ensure that every Filipino is healthy, is protected from health hazards and risks, and has access to affordable, quality and readily available health service that is suitable to their needs.
Introduction of the Social health insurance program or Philhealth in 1995 and the passage of Republic Act (RA) No. 11223 or Universal Health Care (UHC)
What is the vision for the health sector strategy of 2023 to 2028?
Filipinos are among the healthiest people in Asia by 2040. (AO 2022 - 0038)
What is the DOH Mission for the health sector strategy of 2023 to 2028?
To promote healthy settings, and steer the development of an effective, resilient, equitable, people centered health system for Universal Health Care.
What are the DOH core values for the health sector strategy of 2023 to 2028?
(A) Professionalism
(B) Reliability
(C) Integrity
(D) Compassion
(E) Excellence
What are the health sector goals for the health sector strategy of 2023 to 2028?
(A) Better equitable health outcomes
(B) Responsive health system
(C) Improved financial risk protection
What is the 8 Point Agenda from the Medium Term Strategy of the Health Sector for 2023 to 2028 (A.O 2023 to 0015)?
(1) Mainstream and strengthen the primary healthcare approach
(2) Ensure provision of high quality, safe and people centered services
(3) Leverage digital health and technology
(4) Ensure responsive and resilient health system and communities
(5) Address determinants of health and improve health behaviors
(6) Enhance well being and ensure mental health
(7) Ensure adequate, competent, committed health workforce
(8) Strengthen systems and structures to prevent, manage, recover from outbreaks and pandemics.
According to the 8 point agenda, bawat Pilipino ay mayroong?
(1) Bawat Pilipino ramdam ang kalusugan
(2) Ligtas, dekalidad, at mapagkalingang serbisyo
(3) Teknolohiya para sa mabilis na serbisyo
According to the 8 point agenda, bawat komunidad:
(1) Handa sa krisis
(2) Pag-iwas sa sakit
(3) Ginhawa ng isip at damdamin
According to the 8 point agenda, bawat health worker:
(1) May kapakanan at karapatan
(2) Proteksyon sa anumang pandemiya
Under the Health Sector Strategy of 2023 to 2028 and the 8 point Action Priorities, how can we enable Filipinos to be healthy?
(A) Citizens are health literate and have good health seeking behavior
(B) Communities, workplaces and schools are supportive of healthy behaviors
Under the Health Sector Strategy of 2023 to 2028 and the 8 point Action Priorities, how can we protect Filipinos from health risks?
(A) Disease outbreaks are prevented and/or managed
(B) Medicines and technologies are assured to be quality, safe, accessible and affordable
(C) Health facilities and services are safe and of quality
Under the Health Sector Strategy of 2023 to 2028 and the 8 point Action Priorities, how can we promote care for health and wellness among Filipinos?
(A) Network of primary care and specialist care providers are high quality and well distributed throughout the country
(B) Quality health services are appropriately and fairly financed
Under the Health Sector Strategy of 2023 to 2028 and the 8 point Action Priorities, how can we strengthen institutions and workforce?
(A) All governments health institutions are right sized and efficient
(B) Health workers are adequate, committed, fairly compensated, and given opportunities for professional development in healthy working environments
What is the aim of the 1991 Local Government Code (RA 7160) ?
To enhance provision of services in the grass roots level as well as improve the efficiency in resource allocation
This code provides more autonomy to local government executive s in the planning, resource allocation and service delivery, particularly in the health sector.
1991 Local Government Code (RA 7160)
Under the 1991 Local Government Code (RA 7160) , the department of health (DOH) was transformed into what?
Into a technical authority providing technical support and assistance to local health units
Under the MNCHN Service Delivery Network, this level provides services that range from pregnancy tracking, birth planning, home visits and follow up, nutrition package including breastfeeding support, IEC on facility delivery and family planning, communication activities targeted to mothers and their families.
Community Level Service Provider
Under the MNCHN Service Delivery Network, this level provides services that range from normal vaginal delivery, imminent breech delivery, emergency drugs (antibiotics MgSO4, oxytocin, dexamethasone), Essential Newborn Care, Basic NB resuscitation and FP services.
Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) - District Hospitals and Rural Health Units SBA’s Private Lying in Clinics
Under the MNCHN Service Delivery Network, this level provides services that range from end-referral facilities (provincial hospitals etc.) BEmONC services + blood transfusion, Cesarean Section and Advanced Newborn Resuscitation, Operates 24 hours with OB surgeon, pediatrician, nurse, midwives and medical technologists.
Critical Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (CEmONC) - End Referral
What are the laws utilized to streamline and classify hospitals?
(A) Administrative Order No. 2011 - 0020 (Streamlining of Licensure and Accreditation of Hospitals)
(B) Administrative Order No. 2012 - 0012 (New Classification of Hospitals and Other Health Facilities)
All DOH licensed shall be deemed automatically accredited by who?
PhilHealth as Centers of Safety (Basic Participation per PhilHealth Circular No. 54)
What should owners of hospitals comply to?
Should comply with the standards and requirements prescribed and enhances assessment tool for licensure of hospitals posted at DOH Website.
What comprises the Section 2 of the Legal Basis for Defining a Hospital (RA 4226)?
(A) Beds or cribs or bassinets for 24 hour use or longer
What comprises the Section 8 of the Legal Basis for Defining a Hospital (RA 4226)?
(A) Bed space
(B) Laboratory, OR, and X-ray
(C) Pharmacy
(D) Out patient clinics (OPD) and DR
(E) Isolation
(F) Morgue
All three sections of the law have to be complied with to be classified as a hospital.
Based on Section 16 of the Legal Basis for Defining a Hospital (RA 4226), we should classify hospitals as to:
(A) General or Special
(B) Service Capacity
(C) Size or bed capacity
(D) Training or not
Based on the old classification of hospitals per DOH AO NO 2005 - 0029, what constitutes a level 1 hospital?
(A) Primary Care
(B) General Medicine
(C) General Pediatrics
(D) Emergency and out patient services
(E) General Obstetrics
(F) Non-surgical gynecology
(E) Minor surgery
Based on the old classification of hospitals per DOH AO NO 2005 - 0029, what constitutes a level 2 hospital?
Level 01 plus:
(A) Surgery
(B) Anesthesia
(C) Pharmacy
(D) Secondary Clinical Laboratory
(F) 1st level Radiology
Based on the old classification of hospitals per DOH AO NO 2005 - 0029, what constitutes a level 3 hospital?
Level 02 plus:
(A) Specialty with clinical care with departmentalized clinical services
(B) General Dentistry
(C) Provision for ICU
(D) Tertiary Clinical Laboratory
(F) 2nd Level Radiology
Based on the old classification of hospitals per DOH AO NO 2005 - 0029, what constitutes a level 4 hospital?
Level 03 plus:
(A) Teaching and/or training with at least 1 accredited residency training program for physicians
(B) Department of Emergency Medicine
(C) Specialized and sub-specialized forms of treatment, surgical procedure and intensive care
(D) Rehabilitation service
(E) 3rd Level Radiology
Under the New Classification of Hospitals, what are the different general hospitals?
(A) Level 1
(B) Level 2
(C) Level 3 (Teaching or Training)
Under the New Classification of Hospitals, what are the other health facilities?
(A) Primary care facility
(B) Custodial care facility
(C) DIagnostic or therapeutic facility
(D) Specialized Out patient facility
Every health facility should have what?
A duly licensed physician to oversee the clinical or medical operations of the health facility
These facilities shall require the approval of the Secretary of Health. The foregoing is not limited to New Hospitals but covers other health facilities as may be required by the Secretary of Health.
Applications for DOH - PTC of New Hospitals having at least 100 beds
Each CHD shall issue the initial LTO of other health facilities under what?
Category A - Primary Care Facility with In patient beds
They are in charge of renewing LTO of Level 2 and 3 hospitals following OSS licensure system for hospitals and renew LTO accreditation of health facilities covered by other DOH issuances.
The Bureau of Health Facilities and Services
Based on the healthcare system, this level of care is characterized to be in charge of education and prevention.
Promotive and preventative care
What facilities compose the promotive and preventative care in the healthcare system?
(A) Barangay Health station
(B) Rural Health Units or Health Centers
(C) Clinics
(D) Dispensaries
Based on the healthcare system, this level of care is characterized to be in charge of early detection and routine care?
Primary Care
What facilities compose the primary care level in the healthcare system?
(A) Infirmaries (Level 01 Category Hospitals)
(B) Community, Municipal and District Hospitals
(C) Birthing Homes
(D) Ambulatory Surgical Clinics
Based on the healthcare system, this level of care is characterized to be in charge of emergency treatment and critical care?
Secondary care
What facilities compose the secondary care level in the healthcare system?
(A) City, provincial and Level 01 Category Hospitals
Based on the healthcare system, this level of care is characterized to be in charge of specialized care and rehabilitation?
Tertiary Care
What facilities compose the tertiary care level in the healthcare system?
(A) National, regional an dLevel 02 and 03 Category Hospitals
(B) Medical Centers
(C) Teaching and training hospitals
Based on the healthcare system, this level of care is characterized to be in charge of rehabilitation, intermediate and follow up care and home care?
Restorative Care
What facilities compose the restorative care level of the healthcare system?
(A) National, regional, level 02 and 03 Category Hospitals
(B) Medical Centers
(C) Teaching or training Hospitals
(D) Rehabilitation Facilities
Based on the healthcare system, this level of care is characterized to be in charge of home care, long term and chronic care, personal care, and hospice care?
Continuing Care
What facilities compose continuing care in the healthcare system?
(A) Hospice Care
(B) Custodial and Chronic Care Facilities
(C) Retirement
(D) Institutional Care Facilities
What constitutes the republic act no. 11223?
(A) Section 23: National Health Human Resource Master Plan
(B) Section 24: National Health Workforce Support System
(C) Section 25: Scholarship and Training Program
(D) Section 26: Return Service Agreement
This section of the Philippine Health Sector states that all for health, towards health for all” rally point. This expanded the scope of the Universal Health Care (UHC) directions, particularly through a whole of government approach.
Philippine Health Agenda (Administrative Order 2016 - 0038)
What was the rally point of the vision of a Healthy Philippines by 2022?
All for Health, Towards Health For All
What were the three key health system guarantees of the Philippine Health Agenda (Administrative Order 2016 - 0038)?
(A) Population and individual level interventions for all life stages that promote health and wellness, prevent and treat the triple burden of disease, delay complications, facilitate rehabilitation and provide palliation
(B) Access to health interventions though functional service delivery networks, and
(C) Financial risk protection when accessing these interventions through the Universal Health Insurance
This section of the Philippine Health Sector is known as the first of the four key medium term plans to translate the visions and aspirations for the Filipinos and the country.
The Philippine Development Plan (2017 to 2022)
This section of the Philippine Health Sector is known as a collective long term plan which envisions a better life for Filipinos and the country in the next 25 years.
NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040
This section of the Philippine Health Sector is known as a compilation of 17 development goals that targets to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice and confront issues involving climate change and its effects.
Sustainable Development Goals 2030
