Module 03 - Pelvis

Question 1

What is the pelvic girdle%

Answer 1

the bony structure at the base of the spine which joins the lower limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 2

What are the 2 parts of the pelvis and what are they separated by?

Answer 2

Greater (false) cavity and lesser (true) cavity are separated by the pelvic brim (linea terminalis)

Question 3

Whats the difference between the male and female pelvis?

Answer 3

The female pelvic cavity is wider and females 90-100 degrees) vs male’s (70 degrees)

Question 4

What are the 2 main joints in the pelvis?

Answer 4

sacroiliac join

pubic symphysis

Question 5

What is pubic symphysis dysfunction?D

Answer 5

During pregnancy the ligaments of the pelvic girdle become more relaxed and elastic. if this happens prematurealy it can make the pubic symphysis unstable

Question 6

What are the 2 muscles of the pelvic floor?

Answer 6

Levator ani

coccygeus

Question 7

Describe the levator ani

Answer 7

broad muscle group situated on either side of the pelvis and is the main pelvic floor muscle

Question 8

What is the main pelvic floor muscle?

Answer 8

levator ani

Question 9

describe the coccygeus

Answer 9

makes up posterior portion of pelvic floor

Question 10

What is the urogenital hiatus?

Answer 10

U-shaped opening for the urethra (both sexes) and the vagina (females)

Question 11

What is the anal aperture?

Answer 11

passage for the anal canal

Question 12

What is the puborectal slingY?

Answer 12

some fibres of the levator ani muscle group form a sling around the rectum. It attaches to the pubic bone and wraps posteriorly around the rectum forming the anorectal flexure. Its contraction keep the rectum closed until defecation

Question 13

What is pelvic organ prolapse?

Answer 13

If the pelvic floor weakens, the pelvic viscera can push against the pelvic floor. This occurs predominantly in females especially after childbirth. It can result in a protrusion at or near the vaginal opening

Question 14

What are the 2 distinct pouches in the female pelvic peritoneum?

Answer 14

vesicouterine pouch (anterior)
rectouterine pouch (posterior)

Question 15

What is the pouch in the male pelvic peritoneum?

Answer 15

rectovesical pouch (between rectum and bladder)

Question 16

Where is a common site where renal stones may lodge in the ureter?

Answer 16

when they cross over the common iliac arteries

Question 17

What is the most posterior visceral organ in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 17

sigmoid colon

Question 18

What are the 2 flexures of the sigmoid colon?

Answer 18

sacral flexure

anorectal flexure

Question 19

What is the difference in the spatial relationship of the rectum in females and males?

Answer 19

Females: rectum sits posteriorly to the uterus
Males: rectum sits posteriorly to the bladder

Question 20

What vein drains the sigmoid and the rectum?

Answer 20

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 21

The vas deferens travels (???) to the epididymis towards t he abdominal cavity?

Answer 21

superior

Question 22

As the vas deferens ascends into the abdominal cavity its travels towards the (???) surface of the bladder before meeting the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

Answer 22

posterior

Question 23

The prostate sits (???) to the bladder and (???) to the seminal vesicle

Answer 23

inferior

anterior

Question 24

Describe the pathway of the vas deferens

Answer 24

Travels through the inguinal canal within a structure known as the spermatic cord along with neurovasculature structures.

Question 25

What is epididymitis?

Answer 25

A bacterial infection in the epididymis that can affect the testis epididymis,vas deferens and bladder

Question 26

During a rectal exam in males what can be palpated for diagnostic purposes&

Answer 26

prostate gland

seminal vesicle

Question 27

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

Answer 27

Disrupt flow of urine, difficulty urinating

Question 28

Where does the testicular artery originate?

Answer 28

abdominal aorta

Question 29

Where does the artery to the vas deferens originate?

Answer 29

internal iliac artery

Question 30

What is the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 30

Network of veins that drains venous blood from the testis into the testicular vein

Question 31

What does the cremasteric artery supply?

Answer 31

fascial coverinds and muscle of the spermatic cord

Question 32

What is testicular torsion?

Answer 32

when the testicles rotate twisting the spermatic cord that supplies and drains blood to the testis. Can lead to necrosis (after 6 hours)
Symptoms: sudden severe pain, selling and change in scrotum color (redness or darkening)

Question 33

Describe the arrangement of the structure in the female pelvic cavity using correct directional terms.

Answer 33

The vagina is inferior to the uterus, anterior to the rectum and posterior to the bladder
The sigmoid colon is superior to the rectum and anterior to the sacrum
the uterine tubes are superior to the uterus and medial to the ovaries

Question 34

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 34

When a fertilized egg attaches somewhere outise of the uterus (most commonly fallopian tubes)
symptoms of pregnancy

Question 35

What is the arterial supply of the female internal pelvic viscera?

Answer 35

Ovarian arteries (formed in the abdominal aorta at the level of L1
Uterine arteries: from the internal iliac arteries
The vagina is supplied by vaginal branches of both the uterine and internal iliac arteries

Question 36

What structures may be affect by an ovarian cyst?

Answer 36

ovaries, mesosalpinx (pelvic peritoneum), ovarian arteries

symptoms: dull and heavy pelvic pain that can be worst during intercourse