MODULE 03 and 04: Prenatal Development and Infancy-Toddlerhood Flashcards
[…] is the PHYSICAL CONDITION in which a woman’s body nurtures a developing embryo or fetus.
pregnancy
[…} is the process of a zygote to a newborn
gestation
[…} is the development of an organism before birth
prenatal development
What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)
the egg is fertilized by sperm OUTSIDE the body (in vitro-in petri dish)
What are the two types of surrogates
Traditional: the surrogate is the egg donor and carries the baby as well
Gestational: the surrogate carries the child BUT the mother and father who want the child gives the egg and sperm. (IVF impregnates surrogate)
What are the three stages of Prenatal Development?
- Germinal Stage (zygote): fertilization-2 wks
- Embryonic Stage: Most rapid growth-susceptible to environmental factors-3-8 wks
- Fetal Stage: longest stage of development- 8 wks-birth
How successful is IVF
40 percent (due to the multiple injections)
What is a teratogen
A substance that can cause harm to a fetus’s development
Explain the two types of exposure to teratogens
Threshold: Teratogens are harmless until reaching a certain point
Interaction: Risk if teratogens interact with another teratogen at the same time
What is the Critical Stage?
when an organ system is most vulnerable to harm when it developing most rapidly
When do most defects occur during?
Embryonic Stage
What age is the highest success rate?
16-35 (inadequate age is 16- and 35+)
Situational Barriers
Lack of transport
Money
Language
Poor Insurance
Unavailibilty for checkups
personal barriers
psyhical stress, raising kids, crises, pregnancy ignorance, lack of belief in care, domestic violence, provider distrust, inadequate support, high-risk behaviors
What is an essential thing for healthy pregnancies
Cultural Sensitivity
What are the three stages of labor
- Dilation: contractions (12-16 hours)
- Delivery: birth canal to the world
a. delivery becomes shorter after every child - Afterbirth: placenta comes out, contractions still happen (5-10 mins.)
What is the postpartum period also called?
The Fourth Trimester-12 weeks after
What are the Baby Blues?
Periods of sadness due to hormone changes and last about 10 days
7/10 mothers deal with it
What is PPD?
Post Partum Depression is a major depressive episode
affects 1-2/10 of mothers
due to psychological factors and sudden drop in estrogen
The three key sequences of physical development
Cephalocaudal-Head and trunk
Proximodistal-Arms and legs
Differentiation-muscle control (starts around age one)
what happens rapidly during the first 3 years of life (infancy)
growth
What is catch-up growth?
The action of a child “catching up” to their weight, height, or cognitive ability when given the resources to do so.
What should babies 0-6 mo. should be eating
STRICTLY breastmilk or an iron-fortified formula
When should babies be weaned
6 mo. to 2 years
too soon: risk of obesity
too late: improper intake, small stature, food allergies
