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SURVEYING > mods 3 > Flashcards

mods 3 Flashcards

1
Q

is the process of directly or indirectly measuring vertical distances to determine the elevation of points their difference in elevation

A

Leveling.

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2
Q

It is a curved surface which is at any point perpendicular to the direction of gravity or the plumb line. It is best represented by the surface of a large body of still water.

A
  1. Level surface
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3
Q

A level line is a curved line in a level surface all points of which are normal to the direction of gravity and equidistant from the center of the earth.

A
  1. Level line.
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4
Q

It is a plane that is tangent to a level surface at a particular point. The horizontal surface is also perpendicular to the plumb line at the same point.

A
  1. Horizontal surface
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4
Q

A ________ at any point is a line parallel to the direction of gravity.

A
  1. Vertical line
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5
Q

A straight line in a horizontal plane which is tangent to a level line at one point. This line is perpendicular to the direction of gravity at the point of tangency.

A
  1. Horizontal line
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6
Q

is any convenient level surface coincident or parallel with the mean sea level to which elevation of a particular area are referred.

A

Datum

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6
Q

______ is an imaginary surface of the sea which is midway between high and low tides.

A

Mean sea level

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7
Q

This method of leveling is used to determine differences in elevation between points at designated short measured intervals along an established line to provide data from which a vertical section of the ground surface can be plotted

A

Profile leveling

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7
Q

Leveling methods

A
  1. Direct or spirit leveling
  2. Reciprocal leveling.
  3. Profile leveling
  4. Trigonometric leveling.
  5. Stadia leveling.
  6. Barometric leveling
  7. Cross-section leveling
  8. Borrow-pit leveling
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7
Q

For a particular point, its _____ is the vertical distance above or below mean sea level or any other selected datum.

A

elevation

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8
Q

This method is commonly employed when leveling across a wide river, a deep ravine, or across canyons and gullies where it would be difficult or impossible to maintain a foresight and a backsight distance or nearly equal lengths.

A

Reciprocal leveling.

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8
Q

The difference in elevation between two points is the vertical distance between the two level surface in which the points lie.

A
  1. Difference in elevation
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8
Q

the commonly employed method of determining the elevation of points some distance apart by a series of set ups of a leveling instrument along a selected route.

A

Direct or spirit leveling

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9
Q

This method of leveling is employed in determining by trigonometric computations the difference in elevation between two points from measurement of its horizontal or slope distance and the vertical angle between the points.

A

Trigonometric leveling.

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9
Q

is the process of accurately determining the difference in elevation between two intervisible points located at a considerable distance apart and between which points leveling could not be performed in the usual manner

A

Reciprocal leveling.

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10
Q

combines features of direct leveling with those of trigonometric leveling.

A

Stadia leveling.

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11
Q

involves the determination of differences in elevation between points by measuring the variation in atmospheric pressure at each point by means of a barometer.

A

Barometric leveling

12
Q

is a method of determining the relative elevations of points in borrow-pit excavations for the purpose of calculating volumes of earthwork.

A

Borrow-pit leveling

12
Q

In highway or railroad constructions it is often necessary to obtain a representation of the ground surface on either side of the centerline

A

Cross-section leveling

13
Q

is the most widely used direct leveling instrument. It has a long telescope which is rigidly attached to the level bar. The telescope, which can be rotated through 360 degrees, fixes the direction of the line of sight. Attached to the level bar is a level vial which always remains in the same vertical plane at the telescope.

A
  1. Dumpy Level.
14
Q

very identical to the dumpy level. The only difference between these two instruments is in the manner by which their telescopes are attached to the supporting level bar.

A

wye level

14
Q

The instrument is used primarily in the different phases of the building construction where a high degree of precision is not a primarily requisite. Engineers, architects, and builders use it in the setting of concrete forms, batter boards, and in establishing grades for earthworks.

A
  1. Builder’s Level.
14
Q

Leveling of a high order of accuracy, usually extended over large areas, to furnish accurate vertical control for surveying and mapping operations.

A
  1. Geodetic leveling
14
Q

level has a detachable telescope which rests in supports called wyes. It can be removed from the Y-shaped supports and turned end for end during adjustment by releasing the two clapping collars which fit across the tops of the Y’s. curved clips are used to fasten the telescope in place.

A

wye level

15
Q

Self-leveling features are incorporated in _______. This type of level has become popular for conventional leveling work because of the ease and speed of their operation. It does not use a level vial and its stability to level itself depends upon the action of a complex pendulum-and-prism device.

A
  1. Automatic Level
15
Q

Builder’s Level often called

A

a construction level or an architect’s level

15
Q

are used mainly for surveying and building, but they can be used to determine the relative position of lines and objects as well.

A

transit level

16
Q
  1. Automatic Level
A
16
Q

is a control tool consisting of a rotating laser beam projector that can be affixed to a tripod. The tool is leveled according to the accuracy of the device and projects a fixed red or green beam in a plane about the horizontal and/or vertical axis.

A

laser level

16
Q

consists of a brass tube about 15 cm long having a plain glass objective and a peep sight eyepiece. On top of the tube is a small level vial reflecting through a prism which appears to move vertically when viewed through the eyepiece.

A

hand level

16
Q

An optical surveying instrument used for leveling. It is characterized by having a tilting telescope on a pivot.

A
  1. Tilting Levels
17
Q

is an optical instrument, or a telescope, complete with a built-in spirit level that is mounted on a tripod.

A

transit level

17
Q

A reading taken on a rod held on a point whose elevation is to be determined

A
  1. Foresight (FS).
17
Q

is the process of determining the difference in elevation between two or more points some distance apart.

A

Differential leveling

18
Q

A ___ is a reading taken on a rod held on a point of known or assumed elevation.

A

backsight

18
Q

A _______ is a fixed point of reference whose elevation is either known or assumed.

A
  1. Bench mark (BM).
19
Q

is measured from the center of the instrument to the rod on which a backsight is taken.

A

The backsight distance

19
Q

is an intervening point between two bench marks upon which point foresight and backsight rod readings are taken to enable a leveling operation to continue from a new instrument position.

A
  1. Turning point (TP).
20
Q

The horizontal distance from the center of the instrument to the rod on which a foresight is taken is referred to as the ______

A

foresight distance.

21
Q

It is a method of determining differences in elevation wherein three horizontal hairs (or threads) are read and recorded rather than from a single horizontal hair.

A

three-wire method of leveling

21
Q

_________ differential leveling is a method of determining differences between points by employing two level routes simultaneously.

A

Double-rodded

21
Q

The _______ (or height of collimation) is the elevation of the line of sight of an instrument above or below a selected reference datum

A

height of instrument

SURVEYING (4 decks)

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