Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SURVEYING > mods 1 > Flashcards

mods 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to establish the form, extent, and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near the surface of the earth or on other extraterrestrial bodies through applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment and techniques

A

Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is the art and science of civil engineering that determines the relative (comparable) position of points on, above or beneath the surface of the Earth by measuring the horizontal and vertical distances, angles, elevations and taking the details of these points and by preparing a map or plan to any suitable scale.

A

Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them on or below the Earth’s surface.

A

surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two functions of surveying

A
  • The determination of existing relative horizontal and vertical position such as that used for the process of mapping.
  • The establishment of marks to control construction or to indicate land boundaries. (britannica.com)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main objective of surveying?

A

to show all the features of the earth’s surface (larger area) prepared as a plan or map in a horizontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If the range represents a small area

A

Map

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Objective of surveying

A
  • To determine the relative position of any objects or points of the earth.
  • To determine the distance and angle between different objects.
  • To prepare a map or plan to represent an area on a horizontal plan.
  • To develop methods through the knowledge of modern science and the technology and use them in the field.
  • To solve measurement problems in an optimal way. (civiltoday.com)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

if the scale denotes a more substantial space

A

Plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Surveying is used to prepare ____ representing the details of engineering works such as dams, buildings, railways, road work, irrigation canals, reservoirs, and transmission lines.
A

Engineering maps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Surveying is used to prepare ______, which represent the accurate graphic representations of features on the Earth, such as rivers, streams, lakes, woods, valleys, hills, towns, villages, forests, contours and cliffs, and depressions.
A

Topographic maps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Surveying is used to prepare ____ representing the land boundaries (property lines) and houses for legal purposes

A

Cadastral maps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Surveying is used to prepare ___ representing the road and railway communications with different parts of a country and different strategic points essential for the defense of a country

A

Military maps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Surveying is used in _____ which helps to plan/locate the large-scale extensions of the existing facilities such as streets, water supply, sewer systems, and the layout of new roads

A

Urban Planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Surveying is used to prepare _____representing the capacity of reservoirs and the best possible transportation routes

A

Contour Maps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Surveying prepares ______ which help plan navigation routes on water bodies, water supply, and harbors or determine mean sea level

A

Hydrographic maps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Surveying is used to prepare _______, which help to determine the different strata in the Earth’s crust.
A

Geological Maps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Surveying is used in _______, which helps to determine the latitudes and longitudes of any points on the Earth. It helps study planets’ movements and calculates local and standard times.
A

Astronomical Survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Surveying is used to prepare ______, which help unearth relics of antiquity.
A

Archaeological Maps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The general principles of surveying are:

A
  1. To work from the whole to the part
  2. Locating new points by measurement of minimum two reference points
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Surveying is used in_____ which helps to explore the minerals under the Earth.

A

Mining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The main principle of this method is establishing the survey work from the whole to the part.

A

Working from the whole to the part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Two different independent processes have to do to fix a new point. The two different methods can cross-check together.

A

Locating new points by measurement of minimum two reference points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The primary methods of surveying are

A
  • Plane Surveying
  • Geodetic Surveying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Earth is considered as a plane.

A

Plane Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The line joining 2 points will be considered as a straight line.

A

Plane Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The triangle formed by 3 points will be considered as a plane triangle.

A

Plane Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Suitable for an area of less than 250 Km2.

A

Plane Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Earth is considered as a sphere (Curved Surface).

A

Geodetic Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The line joining 2 points will be considered as a curved line.

A

Geodetic Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The triangle formed by 3 points will be considered as a spherical triangle.

A

Geodetic Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

is the investigation of the terrain like the river, falls, or maybe a town, village.

A

Land Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Suitable for the area more than 250 km2.

A

Geodetic Surveying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

involves discovering the sea level, mean sea level, and planning, preparing of harbor construction

A

Marine survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

To find out the fixed point of any location of the earth’s surface. This survey also deals with knowing the position or distance of the planet like sun, stars, etc

A

Astronomical survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

is used to determine the data used in engineering works in buildings, bridges, and roads.

A

engineering survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Preparation of the map for military areas

A

defense survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

This survey shall be carried out to explore mineral wealth below the earth’s surface

A

mine survey

38
Q

carried out by the government to develop the map of the natural resources of a country

A

The geological survey

39
Q

To prepare a map of the ancient area location of a country.

A

Archaeological survey

40
Q

the basis is trigonometry, mostly it is carried out in the hills area. By the data of the baseline & angle of other points, we can determine the length of the other sides. The execution of the triangulation survey is a little critical, but the result of the study gives high accuracy.

A

triangulation survey

41
Q

contains a series of connected lines. In this survey, the length and direction of the lines have been measured by the tape. The angle between the lines is also noted for calculating the survey area

A

traverse survey

42
Q

is a comparison of the measured quantity with a standard measuring unit or units employed for measuring a quantity of that kind

A

Direct measurements

43
Q

the process of determining the extent, size or dimensions of a particular quantity in comparison to a given standard

A

measurement

44
Q

General rules regarding significant figures:

A

Rule 1. Zeroes between other significant figures are significant. For example, 12.03, 35.06 and 4009 have 4 significant figures.

Rule 2. For values less than one, zeroes immediately to the right of the decimal are not significant, they merely show the position of the decimal such as in the following values which contain three significant figures; 0.00325, 0.000468, and 0.0230.

Rule 3. Zeroes placed at the end of decimal numbers are significant such as 169.30, 366.00, and 11.000. These values all have five significant figures.

45
Q

When it is not possible to apply a measuring instrument directly to a quantity to be measured

A
  1. Indirect measurements
46
Q
  1. Digit is less than 5
A

the number is written without the digit.

47
Q
  1. Digit is greater than 5
A

the number is written with the preceding digit increased by one

48
Q
  1. Digit is equal to 5
A

the nearest even number is used for the preceding digit.

49
Q

A good ______ will help to convey a correct impression. ______ are rarely made to exact scale, but in most cases they are made approximately to scale. They are drawn freehand and of liberal size. Many features may be readily shown by conventional symbols. Special symbols may be adapted for the particular organization or job.

A

sketch, Sketches

50
Q

A series of numerical values observed in the field are best shown in tabulated format. Tabular forms prevents mistakes, allows easy checking, saves time, makes the calculation legible to others, and simplifies the work of the person checking the field notes.

A
  1. Tabulation
51
Q

________ provide a written description of what has been done in the field. These are employed to make clear what the numerical data and sketches fail to do. Usually, they are placed on the right- hand page of the field notebook in the same line with the numerical data that they explain.

A

Explanatory notes

52
Q

The portrayal of _______ should be clear and orderly in arrangement in order that these will easily be understood by persons other than the one who made the computations.

A

calculations

53
Q

The practice used in most extensive surveys is a combination of the above types of notes. The surveyor should be able to determine which type of combination would be most logical to use in portraying the type of data gathered in the field.

A
  1. Combination of the above
54
Q

The official name of the project or title of the field work should always be identified. The location of the survey and preferably its nature or purpose should always be stated

A

Title of the field work or name of project.

55
Q

These entries are necessary to document the notes and furnish a timetable as well as a reference for precision, problems encountered and other factors affecting the survey.

A

Time of day and date.

56
Q

Temperature, wind velocity, typhoons, storms and other weather conditions such as fog, sunshine and rain have an effect on accuracy in surveying operations.

A

Weather conditions

57
Q

The chief party, instrumentman, tapeman and other members of the survey party must be identified. This information will be necessary for documentation purposes and other future reference.

A

Name of group members and their designations.

58
Q

All survey equipment used must be listed, including its make, brand, and serial number. The type of instrument used and its adjustment all have a definite effect on the accuracy of a survey.

A

List of equipment

59
Q

The person who is responsible for the overall direction, supervision and operational control of the survey party.

A

Chief of party

60
Q

The person whose duty is to assist the chief of party in the accomplishment of the task assigned to the survey party. He takes over the duties of the chief of party during the absence of the chief.

A

Assistant chief of party.

61
Q

The person whose duty is to set up, level, and operate surveying instruments such as the transit, engineer’s level, theodolite, sextant, plane table, alidade and etc.

A
  1. Instrumentman
62
Q

The person who is responsible for use and operation of all electronic instruments required in a field work operation.

A
  1. Technician
63
Q

The person whose duty is to perform all computation of survey data and works out necessary computational checks required in a field work operation. He is responsible for the utilization of electronic calculators, pocket or microcomputers, and assists in the operation of computerized surveying systems or equipment.

A
  1. Computer.
64
Q

The person whose duty is to keep a record of all sketches, drawings, measurements and observations taken or needed for a field work operation. He keep table of schedules of all phases of work and the employment of the members of the survey party.

A
  1. Recorder
65
Q

The person responsible for the accuracy and speed of all linear measurements with tape. He determines and directs the marking of stations to be occupied by the surveying instruments and directs the clearing out of obstructions along the line of sight.

A
  1. Head tapeman.
66
Q

The person whose duty is to assist the head tapeman during taping operations and in other related work

A
  1. Rear tapeman
67
Q

The person whose duty is to hold the flagpole at selected points as directed by the instrumentman. He helps the tapeman in making measurements assists the axeman in cutting down branches and in clearing

A
  1. Flagman
68
Q

The person whose primary duty is to hold the stadia or levelling rod when sights are to be taken on it

A

Rodman

69
Q

The person whose duty is to check all linear measurements made by the tapeman. He assists the tapeman in seeing to it that mistakes and blunders in linear measurements are either reduced or eliminated. In addition the pacer may also perform the job of a rodman

A

Pacer

70
Q

The person whose duty is to clear the line of sight of trees, brush and other obstructions in wooded country. He is also responsible for the security and safety of the members of the survey party at the survey site. The axeman is usually provided not only with an ax but a rifle or a sidearm as well.

A

Axeman/ lineman.

71
Q

The person whose duty is to render first aid treatment to members of the survey party who are involved in snake and insect bites, accidents and other cases involving their health, safety and well-being. In addition, he may be designated as an assistant instrumentman

A

Aidman.

72
Q

The person whose duties are to render other forms of assistance needed by the survey party or as directed by the chief of party.

A

Utilitymen.

73
Q

is defined as the difference between the true value and the measured value of a quantity.

A

Errors

74
Q

______ are inherent in all measurements and result from sources which cannot be avoided.

A

Errors

75
Q

are inaccuracies in measurements which occur because some aspect of a surveying operation is performed by the surveyor with carelessness, inattention, poor judgement and improper execution

A

Mistakes

76
Q

are also caused by a misunderstanding of the problem, inexperience, or indifference of the surveyor

A

Mistakes

77
Q

. A large mistake is referred to as a ______ Mistakes and _____ are not classified as errors because they usually are so large in magnitude when compared to errors.

A

blunder

78
Q

types of errors

A
  1. Systematic errors.
  2. Accidental errors
79
Q

This type of error is one which will always have the same sign and magnitude as long as field conditions remain constant and unchanged

A
  1. Systematic errors
80
Q

These errors are purely accidental in character. The occurrence of such errors are matters of chance as they are likely to be positive or negative, and may tend in part to compensate or average out according to laws of probability.

A
  1. Accidental errors
81
Q

Sources of errors.

A
  1. Instrumental errors.
  2. Natural errors
  3. Personal errors
82
Q

These errors are due to imperfections in the instruments used, either from faults in their construction or from improper adjustments between the different parts prior to their use.

A
  1. Instrumental errors
83
Q

These errors are caused by variations in the phenomena of nature such as changes in magnetic declination, temperature, humidity wind refraction, gravity and curvature of the earth. The surveyor may not be able to totally remove the cause of such errors but he can minimize their effects by making proper corrections of the results and using good judgment

A
  1. Natural errors
84
Q

These errors arise principally from limitations of the senses of sight, touch and hearing of the human observer which are likely to be erroneous or inaccurate

A
  1. Personal errors
85
Q

indicates how close a given measurement is to the absolute or true value of the quantity measured.

A

Accuracy

86
Q

refers to the degree of refinement and consistency with which any physical measurement is made.

A

Precision

87
Q

is defined as the number of times something will probably occur over the range of possible occurrences

A

Probability

88
Q

refers to a quantity which, based on available data, has more chances of being correct than has any other

A

Most Probable Value

89
Q

is referred to as the deviation, is defined as the difference between any measured value of a quantity and its most probable value.

A

Residual.

90
Q

is a quantity which, when added to and subtracted from the most probable value, defines a range within which there is a 50 percent chance that the true value of the measured quantity lies inside (or outside) the limits thus set.

A

Probable error.

SURVEYING (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions