Modify the event (mitigation)

Question 1

What does it require?

Answer 1

It relies on technology and planning systems

high cost - less likely for developing countries

Question 2

What does it do?

Answer 2

Mitigate the impacts of the hazard, by reducing its areal extent and/or effective magnitude

Question 3

Land use zoning?

+/-

Answer 3

Prevent people building on coasts, close to volcanos, on areas of high ground-shaking and liquefaction risk

+ Low cost & Removes people from high-risk areas
- Prevents economic development on some high-value land, e.g. coastal tourism & Requires strict, enforced planning rules

New Zealand

Question 4

Aseismic buildings?

Answer 4

Buildings strong enough to resist tectonic activity e.g. quakes.
Cross-bracing - reinforces structures, since one diagonal brace may be in tension whilst the other is slack.
Counter weights
Deep foundations e.g. stone

Question 5

GIS mapping?

Answer 5

Identify evacuation routes and rescue and recovery options VIA areas effected, population size and locations of airports.
E.g. Nepal 2015
Helps NGOs and charities

Question 6

Lava divertion?

Answer 6

Channels, barriers and water cooling used to divert and/or slow lava.
+
Diverts lava out of harm’s way
Relatively low cost

• Only works for low VEI basaltic lava
  The majority of ‘killer’ volcanoes are not of this type

e.g. mount Etna, Italy