Modes of reproduction

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

The process that results in the production of genetically identical offsprings from one parent without the fusion of gametes

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

• A type of cell division that gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the chromosome number is maintained
• Gametes are not produced as they produce cells with 46 chromosomes when gametes only have 23 chromosomes
• Two genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
• Occurs in:
  Asexual reproduction

Question 3

Importance of mitosis

Answer 3

1. Allows for asexual reproduction to occur
2. Growth in multicellular organisms
3. Repair of damaged tissues

Question 4

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 4

1. Only 1 parent needed
2. Fusion of gametes not necessary
3. All beneficial traits are passed on to offspring
4. Faster than sexual reproduction

Question 5

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 5

1. No genetic variation in offspring thus they are no well-adapted to changes in the environment

Question 6

Sexual reproduction

Answer 6

A process that involves fusion of gametes to form a zygote, producing genetically dissimilar offspring

Question 7

Meiosis

Answer 7

• A type of cell division that gives rise to genetically dissimilar cells in which the chromosome number is halved due to the seperation of homologous chromosomes
• 4 genetically dissimiliar daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
• Produces haploid cells
• Occurs in:
  Production of gametes

Question 8

Importance of meiosis

Answer 8

1. Meiosis produces haploid gametes, the diploid number in zygote is restored during fertilization
2. Genetically dissimilar gametes are produced. This allows for greater genetic variation, allowing species to be more well-adapted to changes in environment. Individuals who survive, reproduce to pass their genes to future generations

Question 9

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 9

1. There is more genetic variation in the offspring, allowing them to be well-adapted to changes in the environment

Question 10

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 10

1. Two parents are required
2. Fusion of gametes is required
3. Slower than asexual reproduction

Question 11

Haploid cells

Answer 11

Cells with one set of chromosomes

Question 12

Diploid cells

Answer 12

Cells with two set of chromosomes, each from one parent