Modernisation

Question 1

What type of sociological theory is modernisation theory?

Answer 1

a functionalist theory

Question 2

when did this theory start?

Answer 2

• from the 1960s during the cold war

Question 3

the theory believes that if you are capitalist then you are…

Answer 3

developed

Question 4

what did the theory offer to third world countries

Answer 4

it offered a way to ‘ develop’ however through investment

Question 5

what was the modernisation theorys plans first big application?

Answer 5

The marshall plan

Question 6

what did the marshall plan do ?

Answer 6

It offered loans (us loans) to european countries that were left devastated and run down after ww2. (Uk, France, germany, italy)

Question 7

what did the marshal plan do to the countries that took the loans form the us?

Answer 7

-it tied the countries to the us, making them dependent on them.

Question 8

How did the marshal plan effect the US?

Answer 8

• it Had a positive impact of the market for us goods and services because these countries would by off of the us using the loans the us gave them.
• As well as this the countries had to pay back the loans.
• the US made an investment as they were giving these countries loans which meant that they could buy equipment as well as then paying back the loan
• (The countries basically paid the twice)

Question 9

Who is Rostow?

Answer 9

• an economist working for the US government.
• his staircase model describes how capitalism helps countries to develop. (backs up the modernisation theory)
• anti communist

Question 10

What did Rostow subtitle his staircase model?

Answer 10

• ’ an anti communist manifesto’

Question 11

what did rostow intend with his model?

Answer 11

he intended to draw european countries towards capitalism (America ) and away from communism (soviet)

Question 12

What is Rostow mainly criticized for ?

Answer 12

his ethnocentric message , he believed that there was only one valid way for a country to improve itself and communism is a ‘state of disease’

Question 13

who supports modernisation?

Answer 13

• functionalists
• new right
• economic liberals

Question 14

who criticises modernisation ?

Answer 14

• marxist
• neo marxist
• socialists
• economic liberals

Question 15

what does parsons believe development was from?

Answer 15

evolution

Question 16

what type of sociologist is parsons

Answer 16

a structural functionalist

Question 17

what does parsons think happens naturally

Answer 17

he believes that as society gets better or more advanced it naturally becomes capitalist.

Question 18

what barriers of development did parsons believed needed to be destroyed ?

Answer 18

• traditional values + attitudes e.g kinships
• lacking meritocratic drive.
• high birth rates (not focusing on your job)
• lack of individuals desire to compete
• lack of modern technology

Question 19

How long does rostow believe it takes to complete the 5 stages of hsi model ?

Answer 19

60 years

Question 20

what way did Hoselitz 1952 believe western ideas could be spread?

Answer 20

-through both education and the mass media
- cities could be act as a center of the western values and spread them to rural areas
( a typical pattern of empire building)

Question 21

the modernisation theory in the present day

Answer 21

• communism has been proved not to be a way to achieve development.
• rich countries still help/influence poor countries.

Question 22

what three people are involved in the neo modernisation theory?

Answer 22

• Samuel Huntington
• Landes
• Sachs

Question 23

what did Samuel Huntington believe ?

Answer 23

• he believed that culture had much more importance as a primary variable for development. (western culture was exceptional)
• in order to progress, developing societies need to develop modern immigration

Question 24

what did landers believe ?

Answer 24

• europeans are the most rational, ordered and literacy

- european characteristics such as free speech should be adopted by developing societies to escape poverty

Question 25

what did Sachs believe

Answer 25

• 1 billion people in the developing world are malnourished hungry and diseased etc (harder to step up onto the development ladder) - lack of human development.
• important to help these people because as their economy has failed this may be bad for the west, they may be hot beds for terrorism crime and disease

Question 26

what was rostow’s five stage process of development ?

Answer 26

• traditional society (basics like farming for your family and living in kinship)
• transition (preparing for take off, farmers selling crops , small villages start to develop - industry on a small scale)
• industrialisation (rapid growth of manufacturing , people more into urban areas )
• drive to maturity (lots of investment , and the right social conditions for growth , large cities develop)
• mass consumption ( wealth spreads, people buy more and the service sector grows)