Modern States Unit 3

Question 1

What are a set of guidelines that predict the solubility of different substances or compounds?

Answer 1

The solubility rules

Question 2

Chemical reactions between what produce ions which dissociate completely, forming precipitates that do not dissolve?

Answer 2

soluble substances

Question 3

What represents the actual chemical reaction by removing spectator ions?

Answer 3

The net ionic equation

Question 4

What were developed through experiments to understand the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of gases?

Answer 4

empirical gas laws

Question 5

What observes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume and its equation?

Answer 5

Boyle’s law

Question 6

What observes the direct relationship between volume and temperature and its equation?

Answer 6

Charles’s law

Question 7

What observes the direct relationship between pressure and temperature?

Answer 7

Gay-Lussac’s law

Question 8

What observes the direct relationship between volume and the number of moles?

Answer 8

Avogadro’s law

Question 9

PV = NRT

Answer 9

ideal gas law

Question 10

What is a model that explains the behavior of gases? It assumes that gases consist of tiny particles that are always randomly moving in every direction.

Answer 10

Kinetic molecular theory

Question 11

What is a model that explains the behavior of gases. It assumes that gases consist of tiny particles that are always randomly moving in every direction.

Answer 11

Kinetic molecular theory

The particles are perfectly spherical and move in straight lines with constant velocity. The volume of gas particles is very small compared to the volume of the container.

Question 12

What is proportional to the average kinetic energy of motion, which means that the higher the temperature, the higher the average kinetic energy.

Answer 12

Temperature

Question 13

What is the result of collisions between particles and the walls of the container.

Answer 13

Pressure

The model ignores intermolecular forces and assumes that particles are independent. Although it is not a perfect description of reality, the model works well most of the time.

Question 14

What in chemistry relate to an amount based on Avogadro’s number?

Answer 14

Moles

Question 15

What of a substance means 6.022 x 10^23 of that substance.

Answer 15

One mole

The mole can also be related to mass using a formula that converts between mass and the number of moles.

Question 16

What of gases can be used to find the molar mass and density of gases.

Answer 16

The kinetic molecular theory

Question 17

What of the gas is equal to the square root of 3RT / M.

Answer 17

The root-mean-square velocity

Question 18

What can predict the relationship between temperatures and molar masses and velocities

Answer 18

root-mean-square velocity

Question 19

True or false

As temperature increases, the root mean square velocity also increases

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or false

As molar mass increases, the root mean square velocity increases.

Answer 20

false

Question 21

What have an indefinite volume and shape, high compressibility, and fluidity.

Answer 21

gases

Question 22

What have a definite volume but indefinite shape, low compressibility, and high fluidity.

Answer 22

Liquids

Question 23

What have a definite size and shape, low compressibility, and low fluidity.

Answer 23

Solids

Question 24

High temperatures and low pressures favor a what.

Answer 24

gas

Question 25

low temperatures and high pressures favor a what?

Answer 25

solid

Question 26

Intermediate temperatures and pressures favor a what.

Answer 26

liquid

Question 27

Going from solid to gas is called what?

Answer 27

sublimation

Question 28

Going from gas to solid is called what?

Answer 28

deposition

Question 29

What occurs along the boundary between solid and liquid,

Answer 29

Melting and freezing

Question 30

What occurs along the boundary between liquid and gas?

Answer 30

vaporization and condensation

Question 31

What is the highest temperature where a gas and a liquid can exist as separate phases, and the highest pressure where gas and liquid can differ as phases.

Answer 31

The critical point

Question 32

Beyond the critical point, there is a what?

Answer 32

supercritical fluid

Question 33

At the triple point, all three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist in what.

Answer 33

equilibrium ## Footnote The triple point is a fixed property of a substance and every substance has at least one triple point. As the temperature and pressure change, the phase boundary becomes less distinct.

Question 34

What are unique 3D shapes that molecules can have when they are solids.

Answer 34

crystal structures

Question 35

What are the most difficult phase to model since the particles are very close to each other, and they have extremely strong intermolecular forces.

Answer 35

Solids

Question 36

Crystalline solids have different shapes, and the way these crystals come together is called a what.

Answer 36

crystal lattice

Question 37

What is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances? | where one is the solvent and the other is the solute

Answer 37

a solution

Question 38

What have equal magnitudes of interactions between solutes, solvents, and other solutes.

Answer 38

Ideal solutions ## Footnote The separation of solvent molecules and solute molecules requires energy, and when they come together, favorable interactions occur, resulting in a change in the total energy of the solution.

Question 39

What is how much solute you can put in a solvent without it disolving.

Answer 39

The solubility limit

Question 40

If the amount of solute is below the limit than it is what?

Answer 40

unsaturated

Question 41

What parts of solutions depend on the amount of something present in the solution?

Answer 41

The colligative properties

Question 42

What explains that the partial pressure of something in a solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solute multiplied by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent?

Answer 42

Raoult's Law | An ideal solution obeys Raoult's Law.

Question 43

What are the three main colligative properties?

Answer 43

boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. ## Footnote The change in the freezing and boiling point is proportional to the concentration of the solution. Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.