Modern power and authority Flashcards
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Treaty of Versailles
Primarily focused on Germany. key terms included the war guilt clause, reparations disarmament and territorial losses. established the league of nations
treaty of Saint Germain
Dealt with Austria.
dissolved the Austro-Hungarian empire
Austria was forbidden from uniting with Germany
Treaty of trianon
focused of Hungary
significant territorial losses leaving Hungary smaller and landlocked
Treaty of Neuily
Applied to Bulgaria
loss of territory to Greece and romania
reparations and limitations on military forces
treaty of sevres and treaty of Lausanne
addressed the ottoman empire
sevres - dismantled the ottoman empire leading to territory losses
lausanne - renegotiated some terms establishing the republic of turkey
political consequences of peace treaties
harsh terms of treaty of Versailles contributed to wide spread resentment in germany allowing Hitler to rise to power
economic consequences of peace treaties
lead to economic hardship, hyperinflation and collapse of Weimar republic
social consequences of peace treaties
allowed for future conflict as they were perceived as unjust
league of nations intended to ensure lasting peace, lacked enforcement power and the participation of key nations led to its ineffetiveness in preventing conflict
Conditions Enabling Dictators to Rise in the Interwar Period
economic hardship
the great depression lead to mass unemployment, poverty and loss of faith in democratic institutions
Conditions Enabling Dictators to Rise in the Interwar Period
political instability
weak governments struggled to address economic and social issues creating a power vacuum
Conditions Enabling Dictators to Rise in the Interwar Period
Social unrest
Post war disillusionment, fear of communism and widespread social unrest created an environment conducive to radical ideologies
Features of Dictatorships
russia
Bolshevik revoltion led to the establish,ent of a one party state under Lenin, later Stalin
Features of Dictatorships
Italy
Mussolini established fascist dictatorship characterised by authoritarianism, nationalism, militarism and suppression of political dissent
Features of Dictatorships
Japan
militaristic and expansionist government
emphasis on loyalty to emperor, aggressive imperialism in asia and suppression of political opposition
Collapse of the Weimar Republic
economic crises, hyperinflation and political instability led to loss of confidence
the nazi party exploited these conditions by promising economic revocery, national rejuvenation and return to traditional values
Reichstag Fire
used as a pretext to pass the Reichstag Fire decree, suspending civil liberties
Enabling act
Gave Hitler dictatorial powers
Night of the long knives
Purge of SA leadership and other political rivals
racial purity
belief in the superiority of Aryan race and the need to eliminate Jews and other ‘undesirables’
nationalism
focus on German expansion, militarism and the establishment of greater German Reich
anti communism
hostility towards Marxism and Soviet union presenting communism as a threat to Germans
Adolf Hitler role
Fuhrer and chancellor
central figure of Nazi state who’s decisions and ideology shaped the regime
Joseph Goebbels roles
minister of propaganda
responsible for controlling the media, arts and information to maintain Nazi ideology and suppress dissent
Heinrich Himmler:
role
head of the SS and gestapo
instrumental in implementing the Holocaust and maintaining terror within the regime
control methods
laws
Nuremberg laws institutionalized racial discrimination against jews
control methods
censorship and propaganda
control of the press, radio and film and arts to propagate Nazi ideology
control methods
repression and terror
the use of gestapo, SS and concentration camps to eliminate opposition
control method
cult of personality
the glorification of Hitler as the fuhrer promoting him as the savior of Germany
Impact of the Nazi Regime on Life in Germany
cultural expression
art and literature were censored to align with Nazi ideals
modernsit and avant-garde movements were banned
Impact of the Nazi Regime on Life in Germany
religion
churches were pressured to conform to nazi ideal with clergy persecuted for resistance
Impact of the Nazi Regime on Life in Germany
workers
trade unions were banned and workers were organized into the German labour front with strict control over employment and wages
Impact of the Nazi Regime on Life in Germany
Youth
indoctrintion through the Hitler youth and league of German girls, govusing on loyalty to the resume and preparation for military service
Impact of the Nazi Regime on Life in Germany
women
emphasis on traditional roles, promoting motherhood and discourage employment outside the hom
Impact of the Nazi Regime on Life in Germany
minorities
systematic persecution, culminating the holocaust where millions of Jews and other minorities were murdered
Opposition to the Nazi Regime
domestic opps
limited and fragmented
included some clergy, youth groups and conservative elites
Opposition to the Nazi Regime
international response
intially passive but gradually led to efforts to contain Nazi expansionism culminating in WW2
ambitions of Germany and Japan
Germany sough to overturn the treaty of Versailles, expand territorially and dominate europe
Japan persued aggressive expansion in Asia, particularly in China and south east Asia leading to conflicts with western powers
League of nations
intended to maintain peace and prevent future Wars through collective security and diplomacy
however lacked enforcement power and was hampered by the absence of key nations and failed to prevent aggression by Germnay Italy and Japan
UN
established after WW2 to replace the league of nations with greaty authority and involvement of major powers
focused on maintaining internation peace and security promoting human rights and fostering international cooperations
