Change in the modern world SA Flashcards
LEARN and remember
Political issues in SA
NP enforced apartheid laws that allowed racial segregationa nd white supremacy
Economic issues
SA economy heavily reliant on mining, agriculture and cheap black labour
Black SA were confined to Low paying menial jobs while whites controlled most wealth and resources
social issues
society was segregated by race
confined black south Africans to specific areas enforcing separation in all aspects of life
demographic issues
Blacks were forced to lie in overcrowded and undeveloped areas
urban areas were for whites
apartheid ideology
was rooted in the belief of white superiority and the need to maintain white dominance
apartheid policy
confided racial segregation including population registration act
apartheid practice
apartheid led to widespread discrimination, repression and economic explotionation of non whites
blacks were denied basic rights, subjected to forced removals and confined to impoversished homelands or townships
impact of apartheid on rural communities
blacks were forced into bantustans were economically non viable and lacked infrastructure
impact of apartheid in urban communities
urban areas were heavily segregated with blacks confined to overcroweded townships with poor living conditions
ANC
founded in 1912, ANC initially pushed non violent protest and legal challenges to apartheid
PAC
Formed in 1959 as a breakaway from the ANC
the PAC emphasizes African nationalism and rejected the multiracial approach of the ANC
impact of ANC and PAC
both organisms played crucial roles in mobilising mass resistance to apartheid
sharpeville massacre
March 21 1960 police opened fire killing 69 people and wounding others
this drew international condemnation
it marked a turning point in the anti apartheid struggle leading to the ban of PAC and ANC
Mandela as Umkhonto we size (MK)
response to increasing repression mandela co founded Umkhonto we size as the armed wing of the ANC
Mandela led MKs campaign of sabotage against government installations, aiming to avoid civillian casualties
rivonia trial
Mandela and other ANC leaders were arrested for sabotage
became a symbol of the anti apartheid struggle
role of Mandela in ANC
Mandela’s leadership was characterized by his commitment to non racialism and the peaceful resolution of conflict
Stephen Biko and black consciousness movement
biko was a key figure in the black consciousness movement which emerged in the lage 1960s
the movement encourage pride in black identity and rejected white liberalism
role of SA fores
police and military
used brutal methods like shooting beatings and mass detentions
drew international attention
friendly fire
role of bantustans
the bantustans were an attempt to legitimize apartheid by provide a facade of independence for Blacks. they were widely rejected and became a symbol of racial oppression
relations with neighbouring African countries
led to strained relations with neighbouring countries with many supported anti apartheid movements
the end of apartheid
POLITICAL
faced growing internal resistance, internation pressure and loss of legitimacy
end of apartheid
ECONOMIC
economic sanctions, boycotts and disinvestment campaigns coupled with internal economic crisies weakened SA economy
end of apartheid
SOCIAL
growing opps from Blacks coupled with increasing dissent and the rise of global anti apartheid movements created an unsustainable situation for the apartheid regime