Modern Medicine Flashcards
Fleming and Penicillin
Femming was finding a bacteria to kill the germ Staphylococci.
Penicillin floated in and there was a gap around it and it ment penicillin killed it.
He tried it on a few things.
He used it on his colleges eye who had an infection, it worked.
Florey and chain
Fleming wasn’t that bothered, he wrote a report.
Florey and chain read it and contacted him to get some.
They then purified it and used it on infected mice.
Needed 3000x mice dose for human, lab became growing centere.
Police officer was dying from infection, they used it on him. It worked then they ran out and he died.
1941 they got millions from US to get penicillin for war.
world war 1 public health
the poor people gained 10 kg in war
World war 1 impact on surgery and medicine
PTSD had people going crazy. Army shot them for cowardice.
Had to be recognised as a thing due to the amount of cases
Army leg splint, hold leg straight to have a broken leg come back together
Feilds were dirty and things like gangrene spread. They’d cut off infected flesh in salty solution which worked as an immediate response to an emergency.
Harold Gillies developed plastic surgeries with skin grafts. He treated 5000 people by 1921.
Mobile x ray machines made. to find shrapnel
Karl Landsteiner discovered blood types. Hustin discovered glucose and sodium to stop blood clots.
WW2 EFFECTS ON MEDICINE
Penicillin
Beverage started NHS plan
Heart surgery began in London, to get shrapnel out of beating hearts.
Push on keeping britan ‘fighting fit’
Charles Booth
Life and Labour of London written
found 30% of Londoners didn’t have enough money to eat
link between poverty and high death rate
people with full wages couldn’t eat
Liberal Party
wanted to appeal to workers
Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George
They got free school meals for the poor people
Free health care
Jonathan Rowntree
found 28% at some point didn’t have enough money to live
He wrote a study of town life 1901
he found that we have less materials and are on level with Germany
Kids sitting around
Boer War
40% who wanted to join the army were unfit in some areas 90%
reforms
1906 free school meals
1907 all births tracked
1908 old age pensions act, people over 70
1909 labour exchanges ( unemployed find work)
1911 National insurance act ( working men pay a stamp and when they are ill they fall back on it )
1911 MPs get paid
Beveridge report
five giants that ruin lives
disease
want
ignorance
idleness
squalor
gov help from ‘cradle to grave’
1942
1945 labour government
Churchill out and Nye Bevan in
Labour won easily
welfare state
NHS
weekly family allowance ( benefits for poor people )
school leaving age is 15
12 towns made
1946-48
NHS development
before NHS 8 million people had never seen a doctor
acsess to free health care
women were priority
since 1958 life expectancy for women went from 66 to 83
rising cost
NHS paid for by tax
once it was all completely free
1950 it cost £10 billion
now essentials are free but some things aren’t
2023 it costs £608 billion
